A person is surrounded by many household appliances connected to electrical networks. In such a situation, accidental electric shocks are possible. High currents that cause injury or death are rare. From 140-150 situations, only one case is fatal.
Practice and research show that electric current causes temporary disorders of the body's functions (imaginary death). It is important to disconnect the current affecting the victim as soon as possible and provide first aid. If the accident occurred at a height, it is necessary to prevent a person from falling.
What to do in case of electric shock
First aid in case of electric shock to the victim cannot be carried out without taking precautions to exclude the effects of current on the rescuers themselves.
You can save a person from harmful effects by disconnecting the electrical installation or the part with which the victim is in contact. It should be borne in mind that when de-energizing the installation, autonomous light sources (lamps, candles) may be needed if the incident happened at night or in a dark place.
If it is impossible to de-energize the installation, it should be remembered that the body of the victim and the step voltage are dangerous for saving people.
With voltages up to 400V, it is possible to pull a person out of the affected area for dry clothes. Do not touch it for exposed parts of the body, wet clothes, shoes, etc.
The use of galoshes, dielectric gloves, coasters, rugs will protect people rescuing from electric shock.
If the conductor with the current is clamped in the victim's hands, you need to chop the wire with a sharp object with plastic handles or from another insulating material (dry wood).
At voltages greater than 1000V, an insulating rod and pincers are used to save the victim, following the instructions for using these types of devices.
Under a person who fell when struck by step voltage, you need to slip plywood or a dry board, isolating it from the ground.
First aid for electric shock
Having saved a person from the action of current, they determine the state of the victim and begin to provide medical care. If the victim is conscious, he is allowed to rest. Otherwise, as well as if there are injuries and injuries (fractures, bruises, burns, etc.), first aid should be performed in case of electric shock until the doctor arrives, or the victim should be taken to the hospital.
In case of loss of consciousness, but breathing, the person should be placed on a soft bed (clothes, blanket), the body should be freed from constraining objects (loosen the belt, unfasten the collar), remove mucus and blood from the oral cavity, create fresh air circulation, try to bring to life (give a sniff of ammonia), moisten your face with water, grind and wrap it.
If the pulse is not palpable, the pupils of the eyes are dilated , and breathing is intermittent or absent, you need to remove everything that constricts the chest, release the oral cavity and begin heart massage and artificial respiration.
Artificial respiration
The RPA-1 portable artificial respiration apparatus provides ventilation of the lungs using a rubber tube and a mask worn on the patient's face. The device pumps up to 1 liter of air per cycle.
First aid for an electric shock is performed as follows: put the victim on his back, clean his mouth, insert the air duct so that his tongue does not interfere with lung ventilation, and put on a mask. Belts adjust the volume of the fur. Stretching the fur, atmospheric air is pumped into it. Compressing it, air is pumped into the respiratory tract of the victim. Passive exhalation is carried out using the breathing valve on the device during the next filling of the fur with air.
If there is no apparatus, lung ventilation is carried out through the nose or mouth.
In preparation for artificial respiration, the victim’s jaw is opened with a flat object, mucus is removed from the oral cavity, the victim is placed on his back and released from tight clothing. The position of the thrown back head should allow air to pass through the nose and throat. The chin is in line with the neck, the root of the tongue opens the entrance to the larynx. The lower jaw should be pulled forward and locked in such a position that the tongue does not sink. A person performing first aid in case of electric shock, taking a deep breath, blows air into the victim’s mouth, pinching his nostrils until the patient’s chest is wide enough (“from mouth to mouth”). Exhalation occurs passively. For adults, 12-16 are needed, for children 18-20 breaths per minute.
Restoring breathing by taking “from mouth to nose” occurs through the nasal inlets, while the head is positioned so that air does not escape through the mouth.
Heart massage
To restore the heart rhythm (pulse) of the victim is placed on his back. The person doing the massage places the palm of the hand on the lower third of the sternum in the middle. The second hand is placed on the back of the first for more effort. During the massage, 60-70 energetic presses per minute are produced 4-5 cm down to the spine. At the end of the pressure, the hands are quickly removed.
Cardiac fibrillation is one of the possible consequences of electric shock. Defibrillators are needed to restore the proper functioning of this oran. The pulse from such an apparatus lasts 10 microseconds up to 6 kV and can reach 15-20A. After the defibrillator is discharged through the chest, synchronization occurs in the work of the fibers in the muscle tissue of the heart.
Ventilation of the lungs and massage of the heart begin if the victim has a clinical death. When paired, one person does a heart massage, the second - artificial respiration. The technology is described above. For one breath, you need to press the chest cage 4-5 times. Operations are carried out in turn.
One person during the first aid period should give the victim 2-3 pressure on the chest for 2-3 breaths.
Artificial respiration and heart massage should be performed before the restoration of heart rate and breathing. Pulse on the carotid artery, pink skin, the reaction of the pupils to light, breathing restored are signs of a person returning to life. In the absence of signs of recovery, resuscitation should be continued until the arrival of physicians or until symptoms of biological death appear (body temperature dropped to air temperature, cadaveric spots).