The modern rhythm of life does not always allow us to adhere to a culture of nutrition. Snacks on the run, late dinners, the use of fast food - our body suffers all this for the time being, periodically giving distress signals in the form of rumbling and stomach pain, heaviness, flatulence. Which of us has not experienced such manifestations, and who seriously paid attention to this? Surely few. But in vain. All these signs can indicate the development of dyspepsia in the body - a pathology that is the background for the occurrence of serious diseases of the digestive tract.
In our article, we will deal with issues related to dyspepsia. We will find out how pathology is associated with such a thing as rotting of proteins in the intestine. The causes and treatment of the disease will also be considered in the article. Let's try to understand what can be done in order to maintain health and avoid such a pathology.
What is dyspepsia?
Dyspepsia is a disease of the gastrointestinal tract associated with an indigestion.
Pathology occurs due to eating disorders, it can often occur due to an insufficient number of digestive enzymes in the body.
Dyspepsia is a disease that is a consequence of a disease of the digestive tract and in itself does not lead to death, but it significantly reduces the quality of human life. The manifestation of dyspepsia can be such phenomena as rotting of proteins and amino acids in the intestine, food fermentation processes in the intestine, etc.
Depending on what type of enzyme is missing, distinguish:
- cholecystogenic dyspepsia - a disease resulting from impaired bile secretion;
- hepatogenic dyspepsia - the result of liver disease;
- gastrogenic dyspepsia - a pathology that occurs as a result of violations of the function of the stomach;
- pancreatogenic dyspepsia - a consequence of a lack of pancreatic enzymes;
- enterogenic dyspepsia - a pathology that occurs with violations of the secretion of intestinal juice;
- mixed dyspepsia is a pathology that combines the symptoms of several of the above types of the disease.
In the absence of treatment, the pathology becomes chronic and can provoke serious functional disorders of the body, for example, metabolic imbalance is a deadly phenomenon for patients with diabetes mellitus, etc.
Digestion process
Simplified digestion process looks like this. From the oral cavity, food enters the stomach, where it begins to break down under the influence of gastric juice and hydrochloric acid. Food is digested and partly through the walls of the stomach into the blood. Since the food mixture interacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach, the balance of acid and alkali in the body changes - acidity increases in the stomach. However, the pH level returns to normal after the digested food enters the small intestine.
The transition of processed food from the stomach to the intestine is carried out through the pyloric valve, which periodically opens and closes with a constant change in the environment in the small intestine.
Excessive acidity is neutralized by intestinal juices. Due to the neutralization of intestinal contents, the pH level periodically changes from alkaline to acidic, and vice versa.
The stomach and small intestine (albeit for a short time) are protected by increased acidity from putrefactive microflora, which contributes to decay of decay products. In these sections of the digestive tract there are no microbes, including putrefactive ones.
Due to the lack of enzymes, food is not completely digested. Decomposition products undergo pathological processes, the formation of toxic products of rotting proteins of the intestine, accompanied by the release of gas.
Types of Dyspepsia
Any food consists of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The percentage of these substances in various products is different. Therefore, human nutrition should be diverse - with food, he should receive all three components. However, the abuse of any products can cause malfunctions of the digestive system and lead to the development of dyspepsia.
There are three forms of the disease:
- Putrid dyspepsia is a type of pathology that develops as a result of excessive consumption of protein, especially one that is digested for a long time. It can be red meat, pastes, sausages. A favorable environment is created in the body for the development of putrefactive microflora, which causes rotting of proteins in the intestine. The treatment of this form of dyspepsia is primarily aimed at unloading the gastrointestinal tract and restoring the balance of the normal intestinal microflora.
- Fermentative dyspepsia occurs with excessive consumption of foods containing carbohydrates. These include flour products, sweets, cabbage, legumes, honey, as well as mash, kvass, pickled vegetables. Such products contribute to the development of fermentation microflora, as a result of which fermentation occurs in the digestive chain.
- Fat dyspepsia is a type of pathology that develops against the background of increased consumption of foods containing large amounts of fats in food. These include pork or lamb. Fat dyspepsia is sometimes called soap dyspepsia.
Causes of putrefactive dyspepsia
Putrid dyspepsia develops not only due to excessive consumption of foods with a high protein content. The cause of the pathology can be stale meat products, as well as a low amount of enzymes in the body - intestinal proteases, pepsin, trypsin. The lack of enzymes is often caused by a person’s lifestyle, but sometimes it can manifest itself as a congenital malformation.
If the body has a deficiency of substances that decompose proteins, or there is a lot of protein food, then it does not decompose to the end, and in the semi-processed form it enters the large intestine. There it decomposes, but not under the influence of normal microflora, but under the influence of opportunistic.
The latter, rapidly developing, suppresses the normal environment and contributes to the occurrence of dysbiosis, while opportunistic bacteria penetrate the lower parts of the small intestine and start rotting processes in it.
Rotting is aggravated by additional proteins that secrete intestinal walls with increased peristalsis. In the process of decay, toxic substances are formed that are absorbed into the bloodstream and cause intoxication of the body. The main task in the treatment of dyspepsia is to find an opportunity to stop the decay of proteins in the intestine. And ways to neutralize toxic products in the body also needs to be determined.
It is important to remember that, within reasonable limits, eating the above products does not lead to pathological disorders in the body. However, an excess of such food or its use in the evening hours, when the activity of the intestine decreases, causes undesirable consequences and affects the body negatively.
Symptoms
As noted earlier, dyspepsia is the background for the development of diseases of the digestive tract, therefore, the signs of a pathology are similar to the symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders. Manifestations of functional dyspepsia depend on the type of pathology.
Fat dyspepsia, for example, is manifested by heaviness in the stomach, belching, flatulence. Patients report abdominal pain, aggravated by eating. The stool is quite plentiful and often contains interspersed undigested food.
Fermentative dyspepsia is characterized by severe rumbling in the intestines, flatulence. Patients note pain in the upper abdomen, as well as frequent trips to the toilet. In this case, the stool has a sour smell and a liquid consistency. Fermentation in the intestines also results in frequent constipation.
The symptoms of fermentation should never be ignored. Lack of proper treatment leads to a gradual contamination of the intestinal walls. In this case, the protective film of the mucous membrane ceases to be produced, which in the future will allow pathogenic bacteria to become activated. Over time, fecal stones form in the intestines.
Patients suffering from fermentation dyspepsia also note an external sign of the manifestation of the disease - the so-called "fecal" belly. It occurs due to the fact that the intestines fall down under the weight of unprocessed food.
Manifestations of putrefactive dyspepsia
Rot dyspepsia leads to the release of toxic substances in the body , such as cresol, skatol, phenol. As a result of reactions, gases are formed that cause flatulence. Gas has the property of expanding and pushing against the walls of the intestine, resulting in unrest in the abdomen. The reason for this is the decay of proteins in the intestines. Symptoms of a pathological condition are complemented by unpleasant colic and pain. An inflammatory process develops in the intestines. The organ narrows, and in “bottlenecks” “plugs” form, which stretch the non-inflamed areas.
With putrefactive dyspepsia, intoxication of the body occurs, so the patient feels a breakdown, weakness, decreased performance. He may be bothered by dizziness and headaches, sometimes during illness there is a slight increase in body temperature.
The pathology is also characterized by nausea and vomiting, bloating and pain in the abdomen, frequent porridge-like dark stools with an offensive putrefactive odor.
Rot dyspepsia takes two forms:
The acute form occurs after excessive single consumption of protein, for example, after overeating barbecue on a picnic. Such a malaise is temporary and quickly resolves on its own or with the help of medications, which include enzymes.
Chronic dyspepsia indicates serious violations of the gastrointestinal tract and requires a diet, a change in your usual lifestyle, and medication.
Diagnostics
Dyspepsia screening is quite diverse and includes many components. In addition to examining a doctor, there are laboratory diagnostic methods that detect rotting of proteins in the large intestine - biochemistry, OAC, as well as instrumental methods of research.
During the examination and conversation, the doctor determines the symptoms that may indicate the presence of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the patient, makes an overall picture of the patient’s health, decides which diagnostic methods to resort to.
In almost all cases, the patient is sent for a general analysis of urine and blood. Often, a detailed blood test is done to the patient with suspected rotting of proteins in the large intestine (biochemistry).
To determine the type of dyspepsia, a stool analysis of the patient is performed. Sometimes a breath test or fecal antigen test is required. The breath test allows you to determine the type of microorganisms that lead to disturbances in the digestive tract.
The occurrence of dyspepsia is evidenced by a large number of untreated muscle fibers in the stool, feces contain ammonia and have an alkaline reaction. In a healthy state, the environment should be acidic.
Analysis of feces helps to distinguish dyspepsia from the inflammatory process in the intestine - in the case of the pathology under consideration, the studied biological material does not contain red blood cells, white blood cells and mucus.
Confirm the diagnosis and revealed in the process of instrumental methods for examining diseases of the digestive tract - intestines, stomach, pancreas.
Research Instruments
In order to correctly assign a treatment regimen to a patient, it is necessary to establish which of the organs of the digestive tract failed. After laboratory studies, with suspected rot of proteins in the intestine (biochemistry, OAM, OAC), they begin to instrumental research methods. At this stage, organic diseases with symptoms similar to dyspepsia should be excluded from consideration.
The range of ongoing research is diverse. The most common examination technique is endoscopy, during which the condition of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines is examined. During the procedure, a small piece of mucous tissue is often taken for histological analysis. The study allows us to judge the presence or absence of helicobacter pylori in the spiral-shaped bacterium.
In addition to endoscopic examination, are carried out:
- Ultrasound diagnosis, which helps to identify diseases such as chronic pancreatitis, gallstone disease, etc.
- Electrogastrography and electrogastroenterography are procedures by which failures of gastroduodenal motility are detected. The technique is based on the study of the ability of the muscles of the walls of the stomach and intestines to contract under the influence of electrical impulses. Electrogastrography examines the motility of the stomach, electrogastroenterography - satisfied with the young technique, which examines the motility of the intestine.
- Stomach scintigraphy helps to identify digestive upset caused by low activity of the muscles of the stomach (gastroparesis).
- Esophagomanometry is a procedure that evaluates the ability of the esophagus to contract.
- Antroduodenal manometry allows you to evaluate the motility of the duodenum, as well as the stomach. The method is based on recording pressure in the stomach, duodenum and jejunum, which is performed simultaneously.
- Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is a manipulation that can be used to identify a patient's ulcer, tumors of the stomach, and reflux esophagitis.
- Roentgenography.
Treatment of putrefactive dyspepsia
Treatment for patients with putrefactive dyspepsia begins with a strict diet. This measure is necessary in order to relieve the gastrointestinal tract, to stop the decay of proteins in the intestine. And the neutralization of toxic rotting products released during putrefactive dyspepsia can be avoided by food restrictions. First, the patient is prescribed a hunger for 1-1.5 days, they are allowed to eat only weak unsweetened tea and water. The following is a diet that excludes from the diet for several days:
- carbohydrates - bread and pastries;
- dairy products;
- marinades and pickles;
- fried foods;
- semi-finished products.
If there was a strong intoxication of the body, the patient is prescribed intravenous droppers with nutrient solutions (5% glucose solution, etc.). Gradually, carbohydrates are introduced into the patient’s diet, but at the same time they limit the intake of plant fiber with coarse fibers. As a rule, after a few weeks, the patient's condition returns to normal - you can gradually introduce protein into his diet. Fermented milk products help stop rotting processes.
The use of astringents helps normalize the stool, adsorbents, such as activated carbon, help get rid of flatulence.
Antispasmodics ("No-Shpa") relieve the patient from pain by stopping spasms of the intestinal muscles.
In case of enzyme deficiency, the patient is prescribed replacement therapy, in conjunction with which the intake of B vitamins is recommended.
In some cases, antibiotic therapy may be necessary, relevant when there is a threat of infectious or inflammatory bowel disease.
Fermentative dyspepsia. Traditional medicine recipes
Therapy for fermentative dyspepsia is similar to the treatment for rot dyspepsia. At the initial stage, they resort to starvation - for 36 hours the patient eats nothing but unsweetened tea. Next, food is gradually introduced in small portions. The patient's diet should consist of foods that do not cause fermentation in the intestines. These products include:
- fruits, vegetables, berries, milk, almonds - food containing alkali;
- honey;
- plant food, which is recommended to chew as long as possible and not to eat in the evening;
- mineral water.
Drinking regimen is incredibly important for dyspepsia, patients are recommended to drink at least 1.5 liters of water per day.
With an enzyme deficiency, chemically synthesized substances are prescribed to patients, while emphasis is placed on the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, which lead to a lack of their own enzymes in the body.
There are cases when it is necessary to take antacid drugs that reduce the acidity of the stomach, as well as taking prokinetics - drugs that activate digestion functions.
Dyspepsia occurs not only in adults, but also in children. Treatment of fermentation processes in the children's intestines is also carried out by observing a weekly diet based on the minimum intake of foods containing carbohydrates.
In addition to treatment with medications, they sometimes resort to traditional medicine recipes based on the use of plant materials. For example, with flatulence, decoctions of pharmacy dill, lemon balm, chamomile, pomegranate peel help.
Homeopaths recommend applying warm compresses to the stomach, performing a light massage at the site of pain localization - the procedure will help eliminate the pain syndrome and accelerate gas separation.
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In medical practice, in accordance with the classification, there are several forms of dyspepsia. One of these is putrefactive dyspepsia, which is inextricably linked to a phenomenon such as rotting of proteins in the intestine. Biochemistry, serological studies, endoscopy, ultrasound - all these methods are actively used in the diagnosis of dyspepsia. With timely screening, the pathology is well treatable.