Gastroduodenitis is an inflammatory process in which the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines is affected. The disease often affects adults, and in children it is quite rare. At the same time, it is worth noting that mostly boys get sick.
A similar pathology can be considered as one of the varieties of chronic gastritis, when the inflammation in its pyloric department passes to the lower intestine.
Features of the disease
Symptoms of gastroduodenitis can be very different and are very acute. This is a dangerous disease, which is characterized by very unpleasant signs and has a bad effect on the digestion process, as it is characterized by a course of chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane.
Under the influence of various pathogens on the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, inflammation gradually develops. It leads to disruption of the recovery process of affected cells. Some chronic pathologies of the digestive system also lead to tissue damage.
This provokes the formation of active oxygen and causes disruption of the motility of the stomach, as well as interruptions in the formation of hydrochloric acid. All this leads to the appearance of symptoms of gastroduodenitis, the treatment of which depends on the type of course of the disease.
Disease classification
The classification of this disease is very complicated, since it all depends on the main provoking factor. In particular, there are such forms as:
- surface;
- hypertrophic;
- erosive;
- mixed;
- atrophic.
In addition, there are acute and chronic forms of the course of the disease. The occurrence of an acute type of gastroduodenitis is associated with the consumption of a large number of alcoholic beverages, fried or fatty foods, and toxic substances, which leads to damage to the epithelium. In this regard, the symptoms of acute gastroduodenitis are pronounced.
The main sign of the course of the disease is the occurrence of intense painful sensations and feelings of heaviness. This condition is accompanied by nausea, which can turn into vomiting, belching with acid or air. Sometimes dizziness and severe heartburn can occur.
Drug treatment implies the destruction of pathogens. This will create favorable conditions for the healing of affected cells and other mucosal injuries.
The course of the chronic form of the lesion is cyclical, and the severity of the signs largely depends on the level of acidity of the gastric juice, especially and the depth of inflammation of the mucosa. Symptoms of chronic gastroduodenitis are diverse and often resemble the symptoms of certain diseases of the stomach and intestines, in particular, such as:
- cholecystitis;
- gastritis;
- ulcer;
- pancreatitis
Basically, this type of disease manifests itself in the form of pain in the upper abdomen, which occurs mainly after eating food, vomiting, pallor of the skin, the presence of white plaque on the tongue. In addition, among the symptoms of chronic gastroduodenitis, sharp weight loss can be distinguished. Treatment includes medication, diet, and psychotherapy.
Symptoms of superficial gastroduodenitis largely depend on the type of course of this form of the disease. If it proceeds in an acute form, then the signs are characterized by the occurrence of strong pain in the stomach, dizziness, nausea and periodic vomiting.
The chronic form of this disease has several stages. Basically, it manifests itself in the form of severe cramping pains, heartburn, dizziness, nausea. In some cases, there may be fainting. The patient’s tongue is mostly white or yellowish. During palpation of the abdomen, pain occurs.
Symptoms of erosive gastroduodenitis are quite pronounced, since ulcers and erosion form during the course of this type of disease. The main symptoms include headaches, a feeling of weakness, and sleep disturbances. Among the concomitant symptoms are a lack of appetite, pain in the stomach, bad breath, nausea and vomiting mixed with bile and blood. Symptoms are mainly observed in the morning. Most often, medication is carried out aimed at normalizing acidity, as well as eliminating the infection.
Causes of occurrence
In order for treatment of gastroduodenitis to be successful, the symptoms and causes of the disease must be considered first. Be sure to eliminate not only the underlying disease, but also the provoking factors. Among the internal causes, it is necessary to highlight such as:
- hormonal disorders;
- genetic predisposition;
- constant stress;
- endocrine system diseases;
- pathology of the digestive system;
- the presence of a chronic infection.
Among the external causes of the onset of the disease is the presence of the Helicobacter pylori bacteria in the stomach. The toxic waste products of these microorganisms have an aggressive effect on the affected mucosa, leading to inflammation. Among the main factors can be identified such as:
- constant overeating;
- non-compliance with the diet;
- consumption of harmful products;
- alcohol abuse;
- smoking;
- abuse of certain medications.
With the course of gastroduodenitis, inflammation can provoke not only pathological changes in the gastric mucosa, but also a violation of its functioning.
The main symptoms
Symptoms of gastroduodenitis can be ulcer-like or gastritis-like. Among the main ulcerative signs can be distinguished such as:
- pain in the stomach;
- nausea;
- severe heartburn;
- vomiting
- a slight increase in temperature.
Symptoms of gastroduodenitis in adults are practically no different from signs in children. The gastritis-like course of the disease is characterized by the presence of such manifestations as:
- abdominal pain after eating;
- a feeling of fullness;
- belching;
- decreased appetite;
- nausea and vomiting.
With the onset of the chronic type of gastroduodenitis, symptoms in adults are much less pronounced. First of all, patients complain of bursting and heaviness in the abdomen. After eating food, aching or spastic pain may occur. In addition, there may be belching or dyspeptic manifestations.
A similar form has a cyclic flow. The maximum frequency of exacerbations occurs mainly in the offseason. If endoscopic changes are not detected in a timely manner, then we can talk about the chronic course of the disease. If the first symptoms of gastroduodenitis in adults occur, you should immediately consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnostics
There may be a wide variety of signs of gastroduodenitis in adults. Symptoms of the course of the disease may for some time not manifest at all. That is why, a comprehensive diagnosis is required to make an accurate diagnosis. For this, a number of laboratory tests are prescribed, as well as an additional examination.
In the presence of inflammation, an increase in the level of leukocytes and ESR is observed. To choose the right medications, you need to conduct an additional study of gastric acidity.
If you suspect the development of a peptic ulcer, an X-ray is performed with the preliminary administration of a contrast medium. It fills the entire area of the ulcer and thus its visualization occurs. An ultrasound scan is performed to rule out ulcerative lesions.
The most informative technique is to examine the cavity of this organ using a special device. This makes it possible to examine in more detail the affected mucosa and all changes on it. When applying this technique, biological material can be taken for research.
Treatment features
Therapy for this common disease is selected depending on the signs of gastroduodenitis. In adults, symptoms and treatment can be very different, so the methods for eliminating inflammation are selected strictly individually. Choose outpatient or inpatient treatment, based on the characteristics of the course of the disease, as well as existing symptoms.
It is important to strictly follow a diet during therapy, as well as take medications prescribed by a doctor. The course of therapy also implies the use of alternative therapy.
Symptoms of gastroduodenitis in adolescents practically do not differ from signs in adults, however, special attention should be paid to treatment. It is very important to take frequent walks in the fresh air immediately after eating. It is necessary to strictly observe the regime of sleep and rest, so as not to overstrain the body. It is undesirable immediately after eating food to take a horizontal position.
Drug therapy
When choosing a medication for gastroduodenitis, the signs and symptoms of the course of the disease must be considered first. If the erosive type of lesion was provoked by the Helicobacter pylori bacterium, then the drug therapy regimen must necessarily include antibacterial drugs to kill pathogens. The main antibiotic is Metronidazole, which can be supplemented with tetracyclic drugs, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin. However, such drugs have several disadvantages. The main one is a high risk of side effects. Especially dangerous are complications from the hematopoietic system and the liver. It is forbidden to take antibiotics during pregnancy.
With gastroduodenitis with a high level of acidity, antisecretory drugs are often prescribed. They are divided into several categories, among which it is necessary to distinguish such as:
- proton pump inhibitors (Omez, Nexium, Rabenprazole);
- antagonists of M1-cholinergic receptors ("Pyrene", "Gastroceptin");
- histamine blockers ("Famotidine", "Ranitidine").
All of these medications are aimed at lowering the level of acidity in the stomach. Often, a certain type of drug is used for the treatment, which is used throughout the course. Inhibitors are considered the most effective means, since they give the fastest result and are characterized by a minimum of side effects.
In the presence of gastroduodenitis with a low level of acidity, drugs are prescribed that stimulate its production, in particular, such as Limontar, Plantaglucid. For any type of disease, antacids are used to eliminate heartburn and pain. Such funds include Almagel, Fosfalugel, Maaloks.
In the presence of diarrhea, vomiting, as well as a feeling of fullness in the stomach for any type of disease, prokinetics are used, for example, Motilium, Tserukal, Trimedat. They help to normalize the process of moving food through the digestive tract, eliminating the existing symptoms.
To accelerate the restoration of the walls of the stomach, drugs are used that have a protective effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. Protective drugs help to ensure the normal process of producing mucous secretions covering the walls of the stomach. As protective agents are used such as "Liquiriton", "Actovegin", "De Nol". Such medicines, among other things, can quickly stop painful sensations and eliminate the feeling of heartburn.
In the presence of serious pain during the course of any type of gastroduodenitis, spasmolytic drugs are prescribed, which include Papaverine, No-shpa, Platifillin. With the erosive type of gastritis, drug therapy continues for a long time to achieve a long and stable remission. The duration of therapy on average is 8-10 weeks, even if the stage of exacerbation has already passed.
The use of folk techniques
To quickly eliminate the symptoms of gastroduodenitis, treatment in adults with folk remedies needs to be combined with medications. Phytotherapy can be used only at the initial stage of the course of the disease or superficial inflammation.
Freshly squeezed juices will help eliminate inflammation from the walls of the stomach:
- aloe;
- potatoes;
- cabbage and blackcurrant.
The most optimal treatment option is the use of infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs that have regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. Such drugs help very quickly and effectively eliminate the symptoms of gastroduodenitis and get positive reviews, since they have practically no contraindications.
Various herbal preparations based on hops, chamomile, yarrow, chamomile and valerian have a good effect. You can consume them instead of tea. Flaxseed decoction possesses restorative qualities. It helps to reduce the manifestation of inflammation and accelerate the healing process of the mucosa.
Protective qualities have a decoction of oats, as well as mummy tablets. Apply folk remedies and methods only after consulting a doctor. If all the recommendations are followed, you can quickly and effectively get rid of the existing symptoms.
Power Features
The most important thing is to follow a special diet when conducting therapy. Symptoms and treatment of gastroduodenitis in adults can be very different, depending on what the diet is selected. The most important thing when following a diet is to prevent overeating, consuming large amounts of food at a time, as well as starvation. Food intake should not be too hot or cold.
In the period of exacerbation, do not eat too hard foods and always need to carefully chew food. The optimal number of meals is 5 times a day. In the usual diet, there must be such products as:
- soups;
- lean meat;
- steam cutlets;
- eggs
- porridge;
- juices and tea;
- fruits.
It is necessary to ensure that the amount of salt is minimal. With exacerbation of gastroduodenitis, bed rest should be observed for about 1 week. To eliminate the symptoms of gastroduodenitis, the diet should be selected only by a qualified specialist.
Stages of exacerbation and remission
With an exacerbation of gastroduodenitis, the symptoms manifest themselves quite acutely and at the initial stage intense painful sensations arise in the stomach. In the period of exacerbation, the pain becomes stitching or cutting in nature, and during remission it aching.
In the stage of exacerbation of the patient, severe abdominal discomfort, heartburn, nausea, constipation begin to disturb, which forces him to comply with strict bed rest. After the calming down of intense painful sensations, a period of incomplete remission sets in, which lasts for a month. At this stage, all signs of gastroduodenitis become moderate. With the elimination of provoking factors and strict adherence to all the doctor’s prescriptions, complete remission can be achieved.
Prevention and prognosis
With gastroduodenitis, doctors give a very good prognosis, but only if the patient strictly complies with all the recommendations and prescriptions completely, undergoes a course of drug therapy, adheres to the diet and adheres to the diet. In addition, strict maintenance of a healthy lifestyle is required.
Otherwise, the disease can become chronic, which in the future can provoke a stomach ulcer with concomitant complications and a significant deterioration in well-being.
Gastroduodenitis can only be avoided with comprehensive prevention. It implies adherence to a culture of nutrition, you need to regularly visit the fresh air, abandon bad habits. If you lead a healthy lifestyle, then no specialized treatment is required. For prevention purposes, it is recommended that a comprehensive examination be performed at least once a year so that the disease can be detected in a timely manner.
Disease in children
Gastroduodenitis in childhood refers to a separate variety of the disease and it is often caused by various adverse conditions, in particular, the consumption of poor-quality food and dry food. Among other causes that provoke the development of inflammation, stress and a negative psychological environment are often distinguished.
The main symptoms include the presence of cramping painful sensations that occur about 1-1.5 hours after eating food, which are mainly accompanied by a feeling of heaviness, nausea, belching and the presence of a yellowish coating on the tongue. In addition, the child's psychoemotional state deteriorates sharply, fatigue, sleep disturbance, headache are observed. In addition, severe pallor of the skin can be observed.
Treatment of gastroduodenitis in children should be as safe as possible to prevent complications. That is why a doctor’s consultation and strict observance of all his prescriptions is required. Begin therapy with a normal diet. , , , , , , .
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