Many patients are interested in the question of what DZhVP means in the diagnosis and how exactly this value is deciphered. Dyskinesia is a disease of the gastrointestinal tract, as a result of which bile flows incorrectly into the duodenum 12, as a result of which the digestion process is disturbed. Patients who are suspected of having dyskinesia complain of nausea, an unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth, and vomiting and pain in the right side.
The reasons for this pathology to occur can be organic and functional. For treatment, it is important to accurately determine the provoking factor, as this will avoid complications.
The main types of disease
It is important to understand exactly what the decoding of the diagnosis of DZhVP means and how exactly this pathology manifests itself. DZHVP is a biliary dyskinesia . According to the classification, it can be primary and secondary and is divided by the nature of the provoking cause and time of development.
The primary type of biliary dyskinesia occurs against the background of abnormalities in the development of bile ducts. The disease can develop on its own or under the influence of external factors. With the independent occurrence of a congenital form of pathology, its manifestations are observed from early childhood. However, in some cases, for some time there may be an asymptomatic course, and signs occur only when exposed to certain provoking factors.
Secondary dyskinesias result from the presence of diseases of the digestive system. Given the features of muscle contraction of the affected organ, the disease can be:
- hyperkinetic;
- hypokinetic;
- mixed.
Hyperkinetic dyskinesia is characterized by a significant amount of accumulated bile, which is thrown into the duodenum. The cause of its occurrence is too active reduction of the walls of the affected organ. Often a similar disorder is observed in young patients.
Hypotonic biliary dyskinesia is characterized by the fact that the gallbladder does not function well, while little bile enters the digestive organs. Basically, such a violation is observed in people over 40 years old. In addition, quite often such a pathology occurs in those who are prone to neurosis.
A mixed type of disease has signs of both of these forms of the disease. One of the organs of the biliary system is very active, while the others are sluggish. Inconsistent functioning of organs leads to various kinds of disturbances.
Features of the disease in children
Parents are interested, for the first time faced with a diagnosis of DZhVP in the child, what it is and how this disease manifests itself. Dyskinesia is mainly found in children older than 3 years. They are characterized by a course of hypermotor and mixed type. In some cases, hypomotor is observed.
Dyskinesia is the most common pathology of the hepatobiliary system in children. The causes and main mechanisms of its occurrence in a child are practically no different from those in an adult. In some cases, the appearance of pathology is due to the active growth of the bone and muscle systems and is temporary. However, a serious digestive system can become a provoking factor.
Doctors distinguish between organic and functional dyskinesia. Organic suggests the presence of various kinds of congenital abnormalities in the development of the bile ducts, chronic allergies, systematic malnutrition, and excessive nervous excitability. The disease of this etiology occurs in approximately 10-15% of all cases.
Functional dyskinesia is caused by concomitant pathologies and happens much more often. In this case, the child has a history of gastrointestinal diseases, viral and bacterial infections, disorders of the nervous system, and helminthic invasions. Particular attention should be paid to the hereditary factor, as well as the presence of endocrine diseases.
Dyskinesia in children is often manifested in the form of atopic dermatitis and symptoms of dysbiosis, which cannot be eliminated by traditional methods. With the development of DWL in children, symptoms of the nervous system are often manifested. At the same time, the child becomes moody, whining, and gets tired very quickly. Schoolchildren sharply reduced performance. Also, with DZHP in children, increased sweating, a rapid heartbeat and other symptoms may be observed.
During the treatment, the proper nutrition of the child is important both during the period of exacerbation, and during remission. Clinical observation of children with dyskinesia is carried out for 3 years since the last exacerbation. To prevent the occurrence of such a pathology, it is imperative to monitor the diet of the child, to prevent overeating. You also need to protect it from negative stressful situations and timely eliminate various kinds of violations.
Causes of occurrence
When making a diagnosis of DZhVP, what is it and what are the causes of this pathology, absolutely every patient must know, as this will allow you to get rid of the disease much faster and more efficiently. Primary dyskinesia appears under the influence of a variety of negative factors in the altered bile ducts. Among the main causes of this disease, it is necessary to highlight the following:
- acute or chronic stress;
- fatty food abuse;
- allergies
- taking certain medications;
- lack of weight.
Secondary HDL in adults is formed against the background of existing pathologies and diseases in humans, significantly complicating their course. Among the main diseases, it is necessary to highlight the following:
- cholecystitis;
- hepatitis;
- gastritis;
- ulcer;
- pyelonephritis.
Various types of infectious processes, the presence of parasites or worms in the body, and endocrine disorders can also provoke the onset of the disease. Of great importance is the presence of congenital pathologies of the gallbladder. Knowing what the diagnosis of DZHVP is, how the disease manifests itself and how to treat it correctly, you can quickly normalize your well-being and prevent the occurrence of complications.
Psychosomatic factor
The psychosomatic factor can provoke the development of various kinds of diseases, including DZhVP. In this case, when conducting a medical examination, no organic or physical reasons that could provoke the disease are determined. Psychosomatics is based on the determination of emotional manifestations that affect the course of pathology. Among people suffering from DZhVP, developed under the influence of psychosomatic factors, it is necessary to distinguish:
- touchy;
- conflicting;
- evil;
- greedy people.
In addition, individuals prone to self-sacrifice may suffer from a similar problem. Treatment involves the use of psychotherapeutic methods, a review of their life principles and positions. Lifestyle correction is also required. By the principle of psychosomatics, most diseases are inherited.
People are also encouraged to learn to forgive, to keep anger and irritability under control. A child suffering from psychosomatic disorders is characterized by strict fulfillment of all these promises, punctuality, and conscientiousness. Such children are very vulnerable and suspicious, especially to everything new and unusual. Often are closed and prone to self-incrimination.
The main symptoms
When diagnosing DZHVP, what it is and how exactly this condition manifests itself, it is very important to know all patients. With dyskinesia, the symptoms may vary somewhat, as some patients may experience a number of symptoms, while others - only part of them. Regardless of the type of this pathology, the signs characteristic of this disease appear to varying degrees.
The only difference between the hypermotor type and the hypomotor type will be the presence of certain, rather characteristic sensations. Regardless of the type of disease, it is characterized by the presence of pain, dyspeptic and cholestatic syndrome. Aching pain in the right side is present almost constantly and subsides a little at night. It can significantly increase after eating food. With the onset of the hypertensive type of the disease, the pain syndrome is quite intense.
In a stressful situation or after even slight physical exertion, the pain lasts for an hour. Between attacks, a person may complain of a feeling of constant discomfort in the right side. In this case, the general well-being of the patient is quite normal. The severity of pain is slightly different depending on the form of dyskinesia.
Cholestatic syndrome is mainly detected in patients in whom bile enters the duodenum in a minimal amount. An exacerbation of the disease can be distinguished by such signs:
- feces and urine become darker than usual;
- skin and sclera of the eyes become yellowish;
- the liver is slightly enlarged;
- severe skin itching appears.
Cholestatic syndrome is detected in almost half of patients suffering from dyskinesia. Dyspeptic syndrome manifests itself in the form of a digestive disorder due to an excessive or insufficient amount of bile entering the intestines. In this case, the following symptoms are observed:
- loss of appetite;
- bloating;
- nausea and vomiting;
- unpleasant burping after eating food;
- education plaque in the language;
- constipation;
- dry mouth.
Bitterness in the mouth is often felt immediately after sleep or some time after eating food, and may be present continuously. Nausea and vomiting are necessarily provoked by something, and often this symptom appears after consumption of fatty foods, with overeating. With dyskinesia, vomiting of undigested food with impurities of bitter bile mainly occurs at the peak of pain.
Asthenovegetative syndrome is a course of irreversible changes in the nervous regulation of the functioning of organs. In this case, dyskinesia has such manifestations:
- sleep disturbance;
- fatigue;
- irritability;
- excessive sweating;
- headache;
- pressure reduction.
Before conducting treatment, you definitely need to know what the diagnosis of DZhVP in an adult is and for what reason pain occurs. With a hypertensive course of pathology, acute pain occurs in the right hypochondrium, gives to the right side of the back, scapula, collarbone, arm. Sometimes a pain attack is also felt in the stomach, as well as in the heart. In this case, many confuse him with an attack of angina pectoris. Intense pain lasts about 20 minutes and can even be repeated several times a day. Errors in diet, strong psychoemotional and physical stress can provoke soreness. After that, a feeling of heaviness appears.
Painful sensations can also be against the background of periodic nausea and vomiting, which do not bring relief to a person. On palpation of the abdomen, the pain only intensifies.
Signs of DZHVP by hypotonic type are connected with the fact that the painful sensations are sufficiently blurred. Basically, they are localized in the right side. It is impossible to pinpoint the area where the attack is felt, as discomfort extends to the entire right side. The pain also radiates to the shoulder blade and back. It is blunt, bursting in nature and lasts a long time. In case of DZhVP by hypotonic type, pain intensification occurs after consumption of fatty foods.
A mixed form of the disease is characterized by prolonged pain. The pain is combined with a feeling of heaviness. In addition, there may be indirect signs of DZHVP, which are manifested in the form of dry mouth, and constipation may also occur. The characteristic symptoms may be a sharp change in mood, constant irritability and increased fatigue.
Indirect signs of mixed type of biliary dyskinesia can be characterized by the fact that the tongue is enlarged and you can even notice clear tooth prints on it.
Which doctor to contact
The doctor in charge will be able to explain what the diagnosis is - DZHVP. If there are characteristic signs of pathology, you need to contact a gastroenterologist. Additionally, you may need to consult a surgeon, psychotherapist, infectious disease specialist, nutritionist. They prescribe a comprehensive study, which will determine the features of the pathology.
Diagnostics
Many patients are interested in the question of what is the medical term and diagnosis of HDL. Accounting for this disease is in relation to all people suffering from pathology of the gallbladder and its ducts. To make a diagnosis you will need:
- history taking;
- physical examination;
- laboratory research;
- instrumental diagnostics.
Initially, the doctor collects complaints to clarify exactly when the pain and heaviness in the abdomen appeared and what their occurrence is associated with. A patient history is also required. It is worth knowing if there are chronic or hereditary diseases, as well as bad habits in humans. Then the doctor conducts a physical examination, in which the normal color of the skin or their jaundice is determined. On palpation, pain is assessed. When tapping, the sizes of the spleen and liver are determined.
Laboratory studies include:
- blood analysis;
- urine
- lipid profile;
- fecal examination;
- markers of viral hepatitis.
A complete blood count may not determine any abnormalities. In the presence of inflammation, leukocytosis appears. A biochemical blood test will help determine the level of creatinine, uric acid, electrolytes.
A lipid profile can detect violations of lipid parameters. A study of feces is carried out to detect helminths. After that, the doctor prescribes an instrumental examination. When conducting ultrasound diagnostics, it is possible to diagnose DZhVP and hepatoriamia, to determine the size and shape of the affected organ. A duodenal examination helps to identify signs of inflammation and the presence of stones.
Fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy involves the study of the state of the surface of the stomach, esophagus and duodenum with an endoscope. A similar study is required if you suspect the presence of diseases of these organs and dyskinesia. Cholecystography helps determine the shape and size of the affected organ, as well as the presence of abnormalities in its development. All of these methods will accurately diagnose gallbladder biliary dysplasia and prescribe subsequent treatment.
Treatment feature
If they diagnosed DZHVP, what is it and how is the treatment of such a pathology carried out correctly, the attending doctor should explain how to prescribe therapy after the examination. The treatment is complex and it is aimed at improving the natural outflow of bile in order to prevent its stagnation. Therapy implies:
- compliance with the regime of work and rest;
- mineral water consumption;
- dieting;
- taking choleretic drugs;
- massage and acupuncture;
- taking sedative drugs;
- physiotherapeutic procedures;
- sanatorium treatment.
After the diagnosis of DZHVP, treatment should be started immediately, as this will prevent the development of complications. For the main signs of the disease to go away, it will take about 4 weeks.
As an additional method of therapy, folk remedies can be used. They can be used for a long time, repeating treatment courses if necessary. Drugs are selected depending on the type of course of the disease.
With the hypertensive type of pathology, you need to drink mineral water. As herbal medicine used infusions of chamomile, valerian, mint. With the hypotonic type, the doctor prescribes medications, mineral water of a high degree of mineralization. You can also use traditional medicine anti-inflammatory and sedative.
Drug therapy
When a diagnosis of DZHVP is made, what is it and how to treat the disease, a specialist can tell. Drug therapy is selected only by a doctor. If the diet for any type of course of the disease is not particularly different, then the treatment has its own distinct differences.
Antispasmodics are used when treating only the hypermotor form of dyskinesia. They help reduce the tone of the biliary tract, relax the sphincters, and also prevent the outflow of bile. Often prescribed drugs, the main active ingredient of which will be drotaverine. For mild seizures, Papaverine may be prescribed.
Cholagogue is used for dyskinesia, but if there is a concomitant gallstone disease, then they are contraindicated. These drugs increase the tone of the gallbladder several times and lower it in the ducts. The drug should be prescribed only by the attending doctor, since this group of drugs is very large, and they contain various active ingredients.
With the hypertensive type of dyskinesia, “Hepabene” is mainly prescribed, which contains milk thistle extract. In the event of a hypotonic form of the disease, Hofitol is prescribed. It contains artichoke extract. Both of these drugs are choleretic, but have different effects on the body.
The nervous system has a special influence on the regulation of gallbladder motility. That is why tonic or relaxing agents are necessarily included in the complex therapy. When hypertensive dyskinesia occurs, sedatives of plant origin are prescribed, as well as drugs that inhibit the processes of overexcitation of the nervous system. The hypotonic type of the disease requires the use of tonic agents.
Diet and mineral water
Diet with DZHVP implies frequent and fractional nutrition. In the usual diet must be present products that contribute to the removal of fat from the liver - fruits and vegetables. It is necessary to limit the consumption of oily fish, meat, eggs, animal fats. It is completely necessary to exclude from the diet such products as:
- fried and spicy dishes;
- carbonated and cold drinks;
- legumes;
- alcohol
- onion and garlic.
Such food can provoke a strong spasm of the biliary tract. It is important to consume food always warm and fresh. Products must be baked or boiled. It is possible to salt food normally, but during the period of exacerbation, salt is limited.
Dinner should be very light and no later than 2-3 hours before bedtime. With exacerbation of liver and biliary diseases, which are accompanied by gastritis, all dishes should be consumed in grated form, and fresh vegetables and fruits, brown bread are also excluded.
During the period of remission, the diet becomes less strict, but in any case, it is not recommended to abuse fatty and fried foods. With dyskinesia, you need to adhere to a diet throughout life.
Treatment of DZhVP with mineral waters is carried out only in the period of remission. In the presence of diseases of the liver and biliary tract, hydrocarbonate and sulfate waters are used. Before starting treatment, you need to carefully study the composition and properties of the mineral water, since each of them affects the digestive organs, so some side effects may occur.
Physiotherapy
A physiotherapeutic treatment also has a good effect, which must be used in combination with other methods. In particular, diadinometry is used, which implies a therapeutic effect on the region of the right hypochondrium with an electric current of various frequencies. Electrophoresis is also used, which implies the effect on the body of a constant electric current and drugs introduced into it with the help of the liver.
Acupuncture or acupuncture is a treatment technique in which the effect on the body is carried out by introducing special needles at specific points on the body. A good therapeutic effect is provided by massage, especially acupressure. That is, by affecting certain places on the body, the gall bladder is affected. Many experts recommend hirudotherapy, that is, treatment with leeches with an effect on biologically active points - projections of the nerve endings of the corresponding organs.
Possible complications
It is important not only to understand what kind of diagnosis it is - DZhVP, but also what complications of the disease can be in case of incorrect or untimely treatment. Among the main violations, it is necessary to highlight such as:
- chronic cholecystitis;
- cholangitis;
- cholelithiasis;
- gastritis;
- chronic pancreatitis;
- duodenitis.
Atopic dermatitis can also occur, which develops as a result of malabsorption of digested food and the release of toxic substances due to the inferior intake of bile in the intestine. With the course of dyskinesia, a person can lose weight dramatically, as the absorption of nutrients is impaired.
Forecast
Exact observance of all the instructions of the attending doctor and a desire to recover will help to ensure that literally after several weeks of treatment, dyskinesia will no longer bother a person. The success of the therapy largely depends on the normalization of the regime of work and rest, stress resistance, balanced nutrition. Modern methods and the use of the latest drugs give very good results and allow you to return to a normal lifestyle very quickly.
Prophylaxis
Preventive measures are very important, since they help prevent the development of the disease. The primary prevention of dyskinesia is:
- compliance with the regime of work and rest;
- good nutrition;
- elimination of stressful situations;
- timely treatment of neurosis.
A full night's sleep should be at least 8 hours and withdrawal to it - no later than 23 hours. It is important to alternate physical and mental stress, which is why when working at a computer, you need to take a break from time to time to perform several gymnastic exercises, as well as carry out walks in the fresh air.
Nutrition should be complete, it is important to limit the intake of fatty, smoked, fried, salty foods. It is recommended to consume as many fresh vegetables and fruits as possible.
Secondary prevention is carried out in case of dyskinesia. It consists in the earliest identification of the pathological process, for example, with regular preventive examinations. This will allow timely treatment and avoid negative consequences.