According to the international classification of ailments, two main types of strokes are distinguished. These include hemorrhoidal and ischemic. Each of these pathologies is a complex and dangerous violation of the blood circulation of the brain.
The first type of stroke is associated with blockage of blood vessels and the termination of blood circulation in full or in partial form. Hemorrhagic (hemorrhoidal) stroke can be described as intracranial bleeding. In accordance with the ICD, code 10 is assigned to this type of brain lesion.
What is hemorrhoidal (hemorrhagic) stroke?
As a rule, a hemorrhoidal stroke, the consequences of which directly depend on the initial causes of the disease, occurs due to pathological changes in the structure of blood vessels. Atrophic and necrotic phenomena caused by an already occurring brain lesion, in turn, determine the further clinical picture. To understand what processes result and how hemorrhoidal stroke occurs, what it is and what types of this disease exist, it is necessary to understand in more detail.
Classify hemorrhagic stroke taken by the nature of the occurrence. There are four types of brain lesions:
- Hemorrhagic type parenchymal stroke is the most complex type of disease. Damage to blood vessels due to parenchyma mainly causes intense, severely stopping bleeding.
- Hemorrhagic subcortical stroke - happens as a result of prolonged hypertension or chronic increases in blood pressure. The most common site of hemorrhage is the contact of the temporal and parietal lobes.
- Hemorrhagic subarachnoid stroke - occurs due to rupture of vascular aneurysm. The etiology of the disease is associated with arterial bleeding, where blood fills the cavity between the soft and arachnoid meninges. The main cases of the development of this type of stroke are traumatic brain injuries. In particular, in a newborn, a subarachnoid stroke can be caused during prolonged labor of the mother and head trauma.
- A hemorrhagic arachnoid stroke is similar to the previous type of hemorrhage. Its only cause of hemorrhage is distinguished. As a rule, such a hemorrhoidal stroke is provoked by rupture of benign cystic tumors.
The direction of the course of medical inpatient treatment gives the attribution of the disease to one of the above types. Having diagnosed a hemorrhoidal stroke, no doctor can immediately make a prognosis. Regardless of the type of brain lesion, the symptoms and course of the disease have significant similarities. Using a phased examination, you can establish the degree of effectiveness of drugs and the rationality of a surgical operation.
Types of hemorrhagic type strokes due to occurrence
The next classification of hemorrhagic hemorrhage is the definition of the types of the disease due to its development. Since the chances of recovery are directly related to the etiology that caused the hemorrhoidal stroke, the causes of brain damage are of great importance both during emergency treatment and during long-term rehabilitation.
They are divided into the following groups:
- Caused by injuries - in this case, the area of damage to brain cells is determined by the location of the injury, its volume, and also the degree of damage.
- Caused by a sudden jump in blood pressure - a rupture of the vascular cavity occurs (it can be capillaries, veins and larger arteries). Chronic and prolonged hypertension contributes to the gradual thinning of the vascular walls. With increased permeability and another increase in pressure, a hemorrhoidal stroke occurs, the consequences of which are difficult to predict.
- Caused by vascular aneurysms - pathology most often occurs as a result of loss of elasticity of arterial walls, which in itself is a consequence of developing aneurysm.
- Caused by a blockage of veins - the main or main veins due to blockage affect the intensity of blood flow.
- Caused by taking medication - as a rule, a hemorrhoidal stroke occurs due to improperly started drug therapy with an overdose of drugs or with severe alcohol intoxication. Unadjusted actions of doctors can lead to the development of a stroke.
It is also worth noting that the risk of a second attack is most likely within the first two weeks after the first stroke. The entire first year after a disease has a chance of recurring hemorrhage. In order to avoid relapse, the patient is prescribed a lifelong course of drugs.
Symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage
Considering a hemorrhoidal stroke, what is it, it is necessary to dwell on its main symptoms. You can imagine a picture of brain tissue damage by collecting a sequential chain of some phenomena.
The first thing that happens is the rupture of the tissues of blood vessels that could not withstand the increased pressure on their walls. Sudden bleeding that fills the adjacent brain cavities. At this moment, a hemorrhoidal stroke (photo attached for clarity) is felt by a person as an acute attack of a headache.
Almost immediately, the edema of the meninges begins. Swelling of the brain stem is a consequence of inhibition of the functions of nerve tissues. Extensive bleeding often leads to the development of hydrocephalus or occlusive dropsy. The size of the head increases, intracranial hematoma grows , which prevents the normalization of circulating processes in the spinal cord. At this stage, hemorrhoidal stroke is extremely dangerous. Coma (those who survived such complications face many difficulties) is a common occurrence associated with an unfavorable course of the disease.
In addition, the formation of a hematoma affecting the cerebral section ends for a patient with a disability in almost 90% of cases. Speech dysfunction and impaired respiratory activity are practically impossible to recover.
Atrophy and death of brain tissue with the timely provision of medical care, namely surgical intervention, play a huge role. With minor bleeding, there are chances for a full recovery, all lost brain functions can be restored. However, with volume hemorrhages irreparable necrotic processes can be observed. The brain tissue ceases to function, and then death occurs. A fatal outcome is possible within a few hours after the seizure, if damaged areas of the cerebral cortex that control the processes of respiration and the work of the cardiovascular system.
Extensive bleeding does not leave a chance for recovery in the absence of emergency craniotomy.
How to recognize a stroke?
Since it is impossible to visually determine a hemorrhagic stroke, patients' description of their health during the active development of the disease allows doctors to establish a preliminary diagnosis and a preliminary degree of damage. In addition, long before the examination, within the walls of a specialized medical institution, doctors have the opportunity to provide qualified assistance, which helps to reduce the intensity of complications.
Anyone should be aware of the symptoms associated with the disease. A hemorrhoidal stroke, manifested accordingly, can be recognized in a timely manner and help yourself or your neighbor.
The characteristic attacks of brain damage include:
- burning sensation and suddenly increasing pain;
- severe nausea, vomiting;
- eyes become hypersensitive to bright light;
- changes in the conscious state: the patient may recover in the near future;
- with extensive hemorrhages, coma may occur;
- failure of the motor functions of the limbs partially or completely, epileptic seizures.
If a neuro-hemorrhoidal stroke occurs (the so-called brain hemorrhage provoked by psychoemotional overstrain), epilepsy attacks can be the main and only symptoms indicating the disease.
How to help a stroke victim?
The slightest suspicion of hemorrhage should immediately cause the appropriate action in others. The subsequent speed of patient rehabilitation depends on them.
First of all, you should call an ambulance, but before her arrival you must definitely perform a series of actions to prevent the development of complications.
Firstly, the victim must be laid in a horizontal position and raise his head 30 degrees. This is extremely important to ensure the outflow of blood from the brain.
Secondly, the patient's head should be turned to one side. By facilitating the breathing of the victim in this way, it is not difficult to control the onset of vomiting (it is dangerous for the masses to enter the respiratory organs). It is also important to give the patient the opportunity to breathe fresh air.
Thirdly, during self-transportation, the victim must be transported in the most stationary state, controlling body temperature and pressure level.
Medical diagnosis of the disease
It is almost impossible to detect hemorrhagic stroke during a visual examination. Despite the presence of characteristic symptoms, urgent measures to save the patient take place only after an instrumental examination, since this disease is similar in manifestation to epilepsy, the development of cancerous and benign brain formations. A patient admitted to the hospital ward is sent to:
- computed tomography (in the early stages of the disease, CT is considered an indispensable diagnostic method, while MRI is a more informative method of research);
- magnetic resonance imaging (used at all stages of the treatment of hemorrhagic stroke and has a wider awareness of the patient’s condition, forecasts of the expected consequences, etc.).
Recovery Chances
Since elderly patients are mainly at risk, their predictions for recovery are very disappointing. Only in 25-40% of cases, treatment ends successfully, allowing you to avoid a second attack and achieve a partial restoration of vital functions.
The body's performance in people who have had a hemorrhoidal stroke (treatment sometimes does not bring results) at this age is reduced to almost zero, which leads to inevitable death. Predicting the further course of recovery after illness in young people is much more often possible in positive dynamics.
The consequences of a hemorrhoidal stroke
After a hemorrhoidal stroke, the result of therapeutic measures is directly related to the severity of the complications. Often the consequences of a hemorrhagic stroke are detected:
- pneumonia (caused, as a rule, by an inactive lying position and respiratory disorders caused by tissue atrophy or necrosis);
- sepsis (if an infection enters the circulatory system, a general damage to the body can occur; most often this process is observed in the presence of a bulky hematoma);
- pressure sores on the body (skin after an attack undergoes a lack of blood supply and become malleable to any irritant);
- thrombosis (a decrease in heart rhythms leads to blood clots entering the bloodstream);
- coma (one of the most dangerous complications that can cause a hemorrhoidal stroke; coma can last from a couple of hours to several years, the patient's brain functions are not completely restored).
As already mentioned, the likelihood of a seizure in the near future after the first hemorrhage remains considerable. In addition, the second blow is often the last one, since its intensity is higher. Cases of healing after a hemorrhoidal stroke, which happened again, are real miracles.
Any stroke, including hemorrhagic, can not be called an independently developing ailment. Vascular thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and other pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system are the root cause of hemorrhage in the brain cavity.
Briefly about the treatment of stroke in the hospital
Medication for hemorrhagic stroke is the use of a complex of drugs, the primary mission of which is the early restoration of normal cerebral blood supply. The thing is that the absence for several minutes of oxygen, which in a healthy person is transported to the brain by blood, is fraught with irreparable changes, necrosis and tissue atrophy.
It is not so easy to find the right solution here, since at first glance it might seem that everything is simple: you should increase the volume of blood arriving at the meninges. However, this will only aggravate the situation and complicate the condition of the patient.
Among the drugs that contribute to the saturation of the affected oxygen brain tissue, doctors distinguish Actovegin. It acts locally, preventing the development of necrotic phenomena and enhancing metabolism.
An important role in the treatment of hemorrhagic stroke is played by neoprotectors and broad-spectrum medicines. If damage to the meninges is accompanied by heart disease and the risk of thrombosis, it is impossible to do without antiplatelet agents: this type of medicine is a natural barrier to blood coagulation. Ethamsilate is referred to a new generation of drugs in this area.
After a course of basic therapy, treatment begins in the recovery phase, where the main principle is the desire for the fastest possible rehabilitation of the patient. Long-term treatment and recovery negatively affect the patient's condition, exerting a depressing effect on the psychoemotional level.
Rehabilitation period
Since patients need long-term recovery after a hemorrhoidal stroke, it is difficult to say how many days of the sick-leave will be needed even for partial rehabilitation. However, everyone has the opportunity to warn themselves and their loved ones in advance of a serious illness without ignoring medical appointments, recommendations of nutritionists and leading a healthy lifestyle.
Recovery programs are developed by doctors individually. Depending on the age of the patient, the timing of obtaining the first positive results depends on the strength of the body to resist the disease and its consequences. Unfortunately, rehabilitation measures drag on for years, so you should be patient and persistent.
However, there are some exceptions to each rule, and if complex effective programs are used, the patient can recover in a fairly short time. In particular, with non-extensive hemorrhage and the use of combined treatment programs consisting of physiotherapeutic procedures, acupuncture, physical education and massage courses, in medical practice there have been many cases in which patients returned to their previous lives by almost 100%.
Recently, the trend of doctors and specialists in patient rehabilitation has become the inclusion of modern gymnastic areas in the complex of rehabilitation measures. Especially relevant breathing exercises, yoga, Pilates.
Healthy eating is a step towards recovery
A change in eating style is the second and important step in the course of rehabilitation and elimination of the consequences that a hemorrhoidal stroke caused to the patient’s body. What this means will become clear based on the following list of products:
- fatty meats;
- smoked products;
- flour, sweet pastries, white bread.
Surely many people know that such components of the daily diet are detrimental to the state of the whole organism. Atherosclerosis, a vascular disease in which atherosclerotic plaques form in them that interfere with normal blood flow, has in most cases become a provoking factor in hemorrhagic hemorrhage.
In the case of healing, life after a stroke cannot be an exact copy of the previous one.The patient will have to constantly limit himself, avoiding the use of alcohol, smoking. Stress and nervous experiences must be avoided first. In addition, regular examinations and visits to the therapist should be an ongoing component of health-supporting measures.
In order to avoid a recurrent attack of a hemorrhagic stroke, doctors prescribe stimulating, strengthening medications, and vitamin complexes to patients. One of the most common drugs is considered Cardiomagnyl.