Vicar hypertrophy is an abnormal organ enlargement, which is a kind of reaction of the body to the pathological processes that occur in it. With kidney disease, its shape and function are fully preserved. In parallel with an increase in the weight and volume of an organ, its abilities also increase. As a rule, pathology occurs against the background of reflex and humoral processes.
General information
According to studies, vicar hypertrophy appears due to the death or removal of one of the organs. It is precisely because of this that the work of the remaining kidney is intensified in order to compensate for the malfunctions in the functioning of the whole organism. Doctors classify the pathology into:
A feature of the first type lies in the adaptive nature of the disease. But the false variety is characterized by an abnormal growth of organ tissues, which negatively affects the work of the remaining kidney. At the same time, the nucleation of atrophic processes occurs.
According to statistics, vicar hypertrophy of the right kidney is diagnosed twice as often as pathology of the left organ. The disease affects equally men and women, children and the elderly.
Pathogenesis
The conditions that provoke vicar hypertrophy depend on the prevalence of the pathological phenomenon. The number of nephrons remains unchanged, only changes in their density occur. So, vicar hypertrophy of the kidney can occur with:
- genetic abnormalities, which are accompanied by the absence of one of the paired organs;
- surgical removal of one kidney in case of detection of a tumor, amloidosis or inflammation in the last stages;
- incorrect congenital placement of the organ;
- chronic inflammation.
Clinical picture
It does not matter if the patient's right or left kidney is affected, the same symptoms are observed with vicarial hypertrophy. Symptoms of the pathology depend on the causes that provoked its occurrence. With vicar hypertrophy of the only kidney that remained after surgery, the patient does not notice any unpleasant signs. In this case, we can talk about the asymptomatic course of the disease.
If the cause of the disease is inflammation, then the patient may feel:
- pain in the lumbar region;
- bouts of nausea and vomiting;
- excretion of a small amount of urine;
- increase in body temperature;
- malfunctioning urination.
All these signs require immediate medical attention.
Diagnostics
To make a diagnosis, you should visit a urologist who will refer the patient to all the necessary examinations and choose the appropriate therapeutic regimen.
The most informative method of diagnosis is deservedly considered an ultrasound scan. In addition to it, can be assigned:
- urine biochemical analysis to determine protein volume, specific gravity and salt;
- blood testing, which allows to identify the filtration function of the kidneys, as well as determine the amount of urea and creatinine.
General principles of treatment
First of all, it should be clarified that vicar hypertrophy does not need to undergo a therapeutic course. Only one thing is important - to maintain the health of the remaining kidney at the proper level. For this, it is desirable:
- give up all kinds of bad habits;
- do physical education;
- use herbal remedies as a preventive measure;
- control the protective functions of the immune system;
- carry out continuous prevention of colds.
Observance of these simple recommendations will enable the only kidney to remain healthy with vicarious hypertrophy and cope with the functions assigned to it in the best way.
Over time, when an organ gets used to a double load, its size may slightly decrease. Just in this period, there is an increase in blood flow in the kidney and the receipt of a larger volume of nutrients in it. During this period, it is very important to monitor the state of the organ.
Conservative therapy
A treatment course may be required if the kidney remaining after vicarious hypertrophy was injured. In such a situation, the patient may be prescribed a therapeutic regimen based on antibacterial drugs to eliminate inflammation and normalize the size of functioning tissues.
Patients with various complications of pathology are placed in a hospital. And all other patients are usually treated on an outpatient basis using medications with diuretic properties and urogenital antiseptics.
It is also advisable to use immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory drugs that help protect the body from negative effects and strengthen the immune system as a whole. If there is a rapid, uncontrolled proliferation of kidney tissue, sclerosing drugs can be used.
However, in the case of diagnosing various complications and worsening the general condition of the patient, as well as when converting organ cells to malignant tumors, it is advisable to resort to surgical intervention.
Physiotherapy procedures can also be prescribed, for example:
- electrophoresis;
- dry heat baths;
- applications of paraffin and ozokerite;
- UHF
If there is a decrease in the functions of a single kidney, it is advisable to undergo hemodialysis. This procedure consists in extrarenal blood purification, removal of toxins from the body formed during metabolic processes. As a result, you can notice the normalization of electrolyte and water balance.
Surgical intervention
A patient may need a kidney transplant surgery. The only indication for surgical intervention is the complete refusal of the body to perform its immediate functions.
Food
With vicar hypertrophy, special attention should be paid to the diet, which should be dietary. Very important:
- refuse fried, fatty and smoked dishes;
- limit the number of foods rich in protein in the menu, as well as all kinds of spices, spices and pickles;
- increase the amount of vegetables and fruits consumed in any form, as well as lean fish and meat;
- drink enough liquid - plain water without gas and freshly squeezed juices.
It is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol and drugs.
Prevention of Complications
First of all, the patient should avoid hypothermia and public places with a large number of people, especially in autumn and winter, when the risk of contracting the flu increases significantly. This is necessary to prevent the development of inflammation in a healthy kidney.
It is necessary to monitor the mode of work and rest - it is advisable to devote time daily to walks in the fresh air.
Water rubdowns may help some patients, but such procedures can only be recommended by a doctor.
Treatment in a sanatorium, passing a therapeutic course in a cardiology department will not be superfluous.
Among other things, it is desirable:
- minimize the use of various medications, since their use can adversely affect the condition of the remaining kidney;
- rest as often as possible so that the body has enough time to recover;
- control a diet that needs to be balanced;
- refuse mineral water, which contains salts that are poorly filtered by the kidneys.
Adhering to such simple recommendations, the patient can contribute to a significant improvement in the condition of not only the kidney, but also the whole body.