Under the name "diencephalic syndrome" combine a number of disorders that are characterized by damage to the hypothalamic region. It should be noted that the hypothalamus is a vital part of the brain that, one way or another, affects all organs and systems of the body by secretion of neurohormones. That is why dysfunction or damage to this area affects the functioning of the nervous system and visceral organs.
Diencephalic syndrome and its causes. In fact, there are many reasons for the development of such a disease. In most cases, violations appear after a severe closed head injury. In addition, the vessels that deliver blood to this part of the brain easily pass large macromolecules, which is why the hypothalamus most often suffers from a viral or bacterial infection.
Diencephalic syndrome: symptoms and modern classification . The defeat of the hypothalamic-pituitary system has a huge number of manifestations. That is why diencephalic syndromes are usually classified according to symptoms.
- Neuroendocrine diencephalic syndrome is a disorder that is expressed in violation of the activity of the endocrine glands. The causes are primarily infections and traumatic brain injuries. That is why various kinds of metabolic disorders develop, for example, obesity, hyperthyroidism, edema or diabetes insipidus. In addition, sick people complain of headache, insomnia, headaches, hysteria, and constant nervousness. There is also a violation of the function of the reproductive system, resulting in the appearance of impotence, a violation of the monthly cycle, as well as heterosexuality.
- Neuromuscular diencephalic syndrome - a disease that is directly related to the disruption of the muscular system. Such a disease causes myopathy and paroxysmal paralysis, which appears periodically.
- Vegetative-vascular syndrome - a disorder caused in most cases by an infectious disease, such as flu, tonsillitis, rheumatism or malaria. An interesting fact is that such a disease is most often diagnosed among women aged 30 to 40 years. Such a syndrome is accompanied by fluctuations in blood pressure, increased and slowed heart rate, difficulty breathing, and sometimes pain in the solar plexus. As a rule, the disease proceeds with severe crises, which are individual for each patient, but always the same for the same person. The attack can last from several minutes to several days.
- Diencephalic epilepsy is another disease that is associated with damage to the hypothalamic region during trauma, an infectious disease or severe hypothermia. The disease manifests itself in convulsions, during which the patient can either completely lose consciousness or remain in memory.
- Neurotrophic diencephalic syndrome - a disease of the hypothalamus, which is accompanied by the appearance of severe rash or edema. Not only human skin can be affected, but also muscles, internal organs.
- Syndrome of sleep and wakefulness is another rather rare and specific disease, which is accompanied by a violation of quality and sleep patterns, which affects the well-being of a person and his performance.
Diencephalic syndrome: treatment . Proper treatment can be prescribed only by a medical specialist and only after a final diagnosis. Treatment methods depend on the cause of the disease. If the cause is a tumor, then it must be removed, if possible. In addition, the patient is prescribed drugs that block either the parasympathetic or sympathetic system, depending on the disorders.
As for preventive measures, after a head injury, a serious infection that affects the nervous system and brain, as well as after hypothermia and diseases of the endocrine glands, it is necessary to undergo a thorough and complete examination of all organs and organ systems.