The large intestine is the final part of the digestive tract. Any doctor will tell you that it consists of several departments: blind, colon, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum. All of them can become a place of localization of inflammatory processes.
Proctosigmoiditis
This term in medicine refers to an inflammatory disease of the colon and rectum. In most cases, this diagnosis indicates serious digestive problems, so the entire large intestine should be treated. The cause of the disease most often lies in solid feces - they provoke irritation of the mucous membrane. In addition, inflammation may be due to microorganisms entering the intestines. This disease is considered simple: as soon as you tell the doctor what is bothering you, he will immediately realize that the large intestine is to blame. Symptoms include redness in the anus and erosion. However, a running disease can be accompanied by severe bleeding. An enema is considered a traditional treatment (special oils are added to the water).
Fistula
This disease is characterized by an inflammatory process in the anus. Having examined your large intestine, a specialist diagnoses the formation of the fistulous course. The provocative factor most often becomes paraproctitis - inflammation of adipose tissue. You can get rid of the fistula only surgically, but do not worry: the operation is tolerated by patients quite easily. Its complexity depends on how deep the fistula is.
Polyps
The large intestine can become the site of the formation of polyps - benign growths of the glandular epithelium. Polyps can be of various shapes - a ball, pear or head on a leg. Most often, polyps accompany diseases such as hemorrhoids, colitis, prolonged constipation. Like fistulas, they are removed surgically. Before this, local anesthesia is performed. A relatively new method is endoscopic surgery. A special instrument with a video camera at the end is inserted into the rectum of the patient. Thanks to this, the surgeon can carefully examine the problem area, repeatedly increasing its image.
Tumors
Even if you feel good, you need to regularly examine the large intestine. Diseases of it can vary from banal constipation to a real tumor. Colorectal cancer is most commonly found in people between the ages of forty and sixty; usually preceded by: prolonged hemorrhoids, anal fissures and polyps. In order to get rid of the tumor, surgery is required. In particularly difficult cases, chemotherapy may be needed.
Anal fissures
In medicine, they are considered the easiest case, but many unpleasant minutes can bring the patient. Signs of cracks are painful bowel movements and blood discharge. It is not difficult to get rid of them: you just need to adhere to a special diet and use emollient ointments and oils.