Disorders in the intestines do not go unnoticed. With the incorrect functioning of this body, failures in the work of many other organs and systems of a person are observed.
One of the most common diseases that violate the motor activity of the digestive system is intestinal dyskinesia. In the presence of this violation, a sharp malfunction occurs in the work of several organs simultaneously, namely the stomach, esophagus, and small intestine.
Features of the disease
Intestinal dyskinesia is familiar to many as irritable bowel syndrome or spastic colitis. In each individual case, the disease may have its own particular causes, as well as symptoms. According to experts, this is a whole complex of individual diseases. This functional disorder is manifested by severe pain, discomfort in the peritoneum, as well as a periodic change in stool.
Problems in the functioning of the intestine arise due to impaired peristalsis and tone of this organ. Despite the fact that there is no organic damage, he is not able to work normally. In addition, neurogenic and autonomic disorders that directly affect the functioning of the digestive system can underlie the development of the disease.
Classification
Intestinal dyskinesia is far from always the same course. Doctors distinguish two main types of pathology, in particular such as spastic and atonic, each of which can occur in primary and secondary form.
The atonic type of dyskinesia is characterized by the fact that intestinal motility can weaken very sharply, which leads to the fact that a person suffers from constipation for a long time. Among the main symptoms, bloating and dull pain can be distinguished. In advanced cases, a person may have bowel obstruction.
The spastic type of intestinal dyskinesia is an independent disease characterized by a serious violation of the peristalsis of this organ. Due to this, an increased tone of the intestine is observed in a sick person, which provokes the occurrence of spasm. Subsequently, constipation may occur with the occurrence of painful colic.
Primary forms of intestinal dyskinesia often result from certain psychological factors. That is why a violation in the functioning of this organ as a result of emotional overstrain, stress, as well as traumatic psyche events is not excluded.
Secondary forms of the disease appear against the background of existing diseases and disorders. Due to this, the process of diagnosis and treatment is significantly complicated, since a similar pathology has similar symptoms with other diseases.
The main types of disease
Violation of intestinal motility can be in the direction of decrease or increase, which is why a hypomotor and hypermotor type of disease is distinguished. Hypermotor dyskinesia of the large intestine occurs with increased movement in this organ. It is clinically manifested in the form of diarrhea, as well as painful sensations. In addition, there may be a violation of the function of digestion and absorption of food, as well as dehydration. Often the pain is somewhat reduced after the act of defecation.
Hypomotor dyskinesia of the large intestine is characterized by impaired peristalsis of this organ in the direction of its decrease. This leads to the development of constipation. According to the mechanism of development, constipation can be atonic and spastic. Hypomotor intestinal dyskinesia can occur with constipation, expressed pain and cramping, as well as the formation of sheep feces. In addition, intestinal obstruction is periodically observed.
Causes of occurrence
Determining the exact cause of dyskinesia of the colon is quite difficult. That is why it is almost impossible to prevent the development of a pathological condition. However, there are certain predisposing factors that adversely affect the entire body, including the colon. They lead to significantly worse intestinal motility. The reasons include:
- psycho-emotional overstrain;
- genetic predisposition;
- malnutrition;
- predisposition to allergies;
- the presence of infectious diseases;
- intolerance to certain products;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- gynecological and endocrine diseases.
In addition, certain medications that have a negative effect on intestinal motility can provoke the onset of the disease. Treatment is prescribed based on a provoking factor.
The main symptoms
Symptoms of intestinal dyskinesia largely depend on the form of the course of such a disease. Hypermotor manifestations can be expressed as:
- diarrhea
- water absorption disorders;
- painful sensations;
- constipation
- cramping.
With the course of the disease, the stool becomes a liquid consistency, but at the same time it is not watery. Bowel movement can be single or several times a day. The nature of bowel movements largely depends on the level of bowel damage. In case of impaired motor activity of the small intestine, diarrhea occurs literally 30 minutes after eating food and is not accompanied by painful sensations. There may be rumbling in the abdomen and bloating. With damage to the large intestine, diarrhea can be up to 10 times a day and is accompanied by painful sensations when urged to use the toilet. Feces may contain mucus impurities.
In some cases, on the contrary, there may be constipation rather than diarrhea. In this case, painful sensations of a spastic nature are observed. Among the main symptoms of intestinal dyskinesia of a hypermotor type, one can distinguish such as:
- constipation
- bloating;
- painful sensations;
- signs of intoxication.
In addition, there may be general manifestations of such a disease. Among them, dyspeptic disorders can be distinguished, in particular, such as loss of appetite, nausea, a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, and belching of air.
Neurotic disorders may also occur. A person becomes more irritable. With a severe course of intestinal dyskinesia in adults, sleep is disturbed, performance decreases, and depressive changes develop.
Changes in the functioning of the intestine lead to the growth of pathogens and the formation of inflammatory changes. As a result of this, dysbiosis develops.
Disease in children
In children, intestinal dyskinesia can be atonic and spastic. With the occurrence of such a violation, the child may experience an alternation of constipation and diarrhea. When a spastic form occurs, children suffer from pain. In this case, the pain is not eliminated even when taking painkillers. However, in some cases, you can help the baby by applying a warm heating pad to the stomach.
Among the characteristic symptoms of intestinal dyskinesia in children, one can distinguish such as:
- loss of appetite;
- drowsiness and weakness;
- pallor of the skin.
In addition to such signs, there are a number of secondary manifestations of intestinal dysfunction. These include anemia, weight loss, dysbiosis. For maximum effectiveness, it is very important to adjust the baby's nutrition and daily routine.
Diagnostics
When the first symptoms of intestinal dyskinesia occur, treatment and diagnosis should be carried out immediately to prevent the development of complications. The main diagnostic method, due to which you can make the correct diagnosis, is an exception. In order for the doctor to establish that the disease is functional, it is necessary to exclude all possible pathologies, as well as organic disorders. It is important to exclude all diseases requiring surgical intervention.
The doctor conducts a survey of the patient, asks about complaints, what he was sick with, and whether he had chronic diseases, and also what diet he followed. For more informativeness, such types of studies are prescribed as:
- blood analysis;
- fecal analysis;
- ultrasound diagnostics;
- endoscopy.
Based on the data obtained, you can make the correct diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment.
Therapy Features
Treatment of intestinal dyskinesia in adults and children must be carried out comprehensively using several techniques. In particular, such treatment methods are used as:
- drug treatment;
- folk ways;
- physical exercise;
- dieting;
- the help of a psychotherapist or psychologist.
The patient must strictly adhere to all the recommendations of the doctor in order to obtain a good result and eliminate existing symptoms.
Drug treatment
Drug treatment of intestinal dyskinesia implies that the patient is prescribed psychotropic drugs if the disease is caused by psychosomatic disorders. Among them, it is necessary to highlight:
- antidepressants;
- antipsychotics;
- tranquilizers.
It is worth noting that the use of such drugs for a long time is not recommended. Be sure to prescribe antispasmodics. The most effective drug is Nifedipine, as well as its analogues. A similar tool helps to normalize intestinal motility. In addition, the doctor can prescribe such drugs as Papaverine, No-shpa, Galidor, Gastrocepin.
If the disease is accompanied by diarrhea, then the patient is prescribed Indomethacin and other medications of an enveloping and astringent action. Such funds also include Almagel, Gastal, and Maalox. Be sure to restore the normal functioning of the intestines. The drugs that stimulate the motility of this organ include Motilium, Trimedat, and Exedrine.
In some cases, antiemetics are prescribed, in particular such as Cerucal. Despite the presence of constipation, the use of laxatives is prohibited.
Folk remedies
Traditional medicine is used in combination with medications. Their use makes it possible to achieve a very good result, but before that it is advisable to consult with a specialist to clarify all the nuances.
To normalize the functioning of the intestine, the use of lingonberry berries, decoctions of rhubarb, buckthorn, hay leaves is indicated. All these plants make it possible to get rid of constipation. In addition, decoctions of prunes, dried apricots, raisins, as well as salads from boiled beets have a laxative effect.
Eliminate pain in the abdomen with compresses prepared on the basis of vinegar. To prepare a compress, you need to dilute the vinegar with water, then moisten the tissue in the resulting solution and apply to the stomach for 1.5 hours.
Aloe is often used. To prepare a medicinal product, you need to grind it, mix with butter and honey. You need to take the medicine daily before consuming food.
You can get rid of intestinal hypertonicity with the help of an infusion of herbs with a sedative effect. To prepare the drug, you need to mix in equal proportions:
- sage;
- yarrow;
- peppermint;
- St. John's wort
- motherwort;
- oak bark.
Then pour the resulting product with boiling water and leave to infuse for 2 hours. Then strain it and take daily for a week.
Dieting
With intestinal dyskinesia, the diet includes a lot of features. Among them, it is necessary to highlight the proper nutrition, the method of cooking products, as well as the mode of consumption of food. Food should only be cooked steamed or boiled. It is very important to consume fermented milk products. The cereals cooked on the water are of great benefit. You can consume absolutely any cereal, except rice.
Fresh bread, flour, spices, smoked meats, canned food must be excluded from the usual diet. Fatty meats and spicy foods should not be consumed. Instead of white bread, it is best to eat rye. Also, some vegetables should be deleted from your menu, in particular, such as garlic, mushrooms, cabbage, radishes.
With dyskinesia, it is forbidden to consume alcohol, coffee, soda, strong tea. You can replace them with a rosehip broth or dried fruit compote. Food must be fractional. You need to eat often in small portions. This affects the digestion process positively and contributes to a faster recovery.
Physical exercise
Physical therapy is very important for dyskinesia. Exercise should be focused on the inclusion of all muscle groups. You can perform them in the form of a warm-up or with the help of additional devices. The pace of their implementation can be fast or moderate.
The main emphasis in physiotherapy exercises is on the abdominal muscles. The most effective may be such as:
- run;
- jumping rope;
- Squats with bounces.
They help not only improve the condition of the muscles of the abdominal cavity, but also contribute to the normalization of intestinal motility. Of great importance is abdominal breathing, push-ups, as well as exercises for the press. Duration of classes depends on the age and health of the patient.
Psychological aspect
Very often, intestinal motility disorders have a psychological cause. In this case, treatment with only medications will not be enough, since this will eliminate only the symptoms, and not the main cause.
Consultation of a psychologist or psychotherapist is recommended, as it will help to prescribe the most appropriate treatment. Initially, it is necessary to eliminate the existing symptoms with medications and only then normalize the state of the psyche.
Prophylaxis
All applied preventive techniques are based on a healthy lifestyle. It is worth including in your daily diet foods that will help saturate the body with all the required vitamins and minerals. Do not limit your intake of protein foods.
Bad habits are caused by intestinal motility. If a person has a mental disorder, it is recommended to visit a psychotherapist regularly, as well as monitor his mental health, avoid stressful situations, and observe a sleep and wakeful regimen.
In your usual lifestyle you need to include as much activity as possible. In extreme cases, you need to make half-hour walks daily. Timely treatment and compliance with all the recommendations of the attending doctor will allow you to quickly cure an existing disease and eliminate symptoms.