Tuberculosis is a disease of an infectious nature, the source of which is Koch's wand. When infected with tuberculosis bacteria, the bronchi and lungs most often suffer. There are cases when the infection is transmitted to other organs: joints, bones, organs of the genitourinary system, lymph, eyes.
Classification: According to the stage of development, the disease is classified as an open and closed form of tuberculosis.
Open tuberculosis is determined by the presence of microbes of pathogens in the sputum of the patient, which are released into the environment with saliva by coughing, sneezing or expectoration and are a source of infection for others. This form is also called BK + (Koch bacillus) or TB + (tuberculosis bacillus). This means that by microscopic analysis of the sputum of the patient, bacteria of the causative agent of the disease were detected.
The closed form of tuberculosis means that an infected person does not release pathogenic microbes into the surrounding sphere and is not a source of infection for those around him. In medicine, this form is referred to as the equivalent of CD - or TB -.
In a closed form, the infection is inside the focus, it is inactive, the process of cell destruction proceeds slowly. Infection from time to time is activated, then calms down, that is, has a half-sleeping nature of the effect. Despite this, the disease is chronic.
Stages of development: The closed form of tuberculosis, like the open, at the stage of its development is primary and secondary. This separation is of great clinical importance.
The primary stage is when pathogenic bacteria only enter the human body. Most often, bacteria affect the tissues of the respiratory system or lymph. With the healing of foci, seals are formed.
The secondary stage is when the infection enters the patient’s blood, forming multiple lesions. The likelihood of contracting tuberculosis, as well as its stage, depends on the main factor in the human body - on its immune system.
Sources and routes of infection: The source of infection is patients with open tuberculosis, items used by patients, infected animals, products from infected animals.
Infection with tuberculosis most often occurs through infection through the respiratory system, and quite rarely through the digestive tract (when ingesting food of animal origin), mucous membranes and damaged skin.
Closed form of tuberculosis - symptoms:
- pain during breathing;
- accumulation of fluid in the organs of the lungs (tuberculous pleurisy) ;
- a slight increase in temperature;
- a constant feeling of weakness.
The closed form of tuberculosis in the initial stage usually proceeds imperceptibly, and the infected person may not suspect its presence for several months. Even with the onset of initial signs, not all patients pay attention to it on time, which subsequently entails problems with treatment.
Treatment: The entire treatment phase can be divided into two phases: the intensive treatment phase and the supporting treatment phase.
Tuberculosis bacteria are not sensitive to conventional antibiotics. At the initial stage, preparations of Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol are prescribed. At the second stage - Isoniazid + Rifampicin or Isoniazid + Ethambutol.
Prevention of tuberculosis with folk remedies: The main prevention of tuberculosis is the maintenance of immunity. For this, it is necessary to include the following useful products in the diet: onions and garlic, green tea, kiwi and citrus fruits, dairy products, seafood and fish, fresh vegetables, herbs, spices, cereals.
Good prophylaxis will be daily walks in the fresh air, playing sports and giving up bad habits. Once a year, in order to prevent and timely detect the disease, it is necessary to undergo fluorography.