Although such a diagnosis, “choroidal tumors,” sounds quite frightening, a lot of people are faced with such a disease. Sometimes what a person takes for an ordinary mole is actually a tumor. She is benign, and her appearance can be very different.
Location
Tumors of the vascular plexus can be localized in the internal organs, and in the brain, and on the skin. In another way they are called angiomas, there are a lot of varieties of them. The type to which they will be assigned depends on the vessels that are affected, the general symptoms, and the development of the phenomenon. It is noteworthy that tumors of vascular origin represent different degrees of danger to the body. They can be harmless, and pose a serious danger to life.
Medicine at the moment has not found an answer to the question of why they develop. The mechanism of their appearance is considered a poorly studied area. But it is known for certain that sometimes benign vascular tumors are congenital. When parents see this, they tend to panic. And this is really an occasion to turn to specialists.
Varieties
The vascular tumors presented in our article in the photo differ from each other. For the most part, two large groups are distinguished - hemangiomas and lymphangiomas. In addition, they can be both benign and malignant.
In this case, the word “cancer” is not used in this case, since it refers to the pathology of the epithelium, and in the case of tumors of the vascular tissue we are talking more about sarcoma.
Capillary hemangioma
Hemangiomas are called tumor phenomena in the blood vessels. The capillary variety occurs most often - in 90% of cases it develops precisely. As a rule, it is located on the mucous membrane in the internal organs. A tumor is formed from small vessels - capillaries.
Arterial hemangioma
In cases where a vascular tumor of a hemangioma is formed in the region of arteries or veins, we are talking about an arterial variety. When there are more arterial parts, the affected area has a much more pronounced color. If the pathology develops, the tumor becomes cyanotic.
An arterial type of vascular hemangioma tumor develops much less frequently than a capillary variety. At the same time, they lie much deeper in the body, the lesion area is more extensive.
Cavernous hemangioma
This variety is considered the most rare. A vascular tumor of this type consists of thin-walled vessels, which have wide lumens. Thrombi are observed in the cavities. Cavernous hemangioma, as a rule, affects the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Often it is a vascular tumor of the skin.
It looks like a spongy neoplasm filled with blood. She is tuberous and red-cyanotic. However, many types of hemangiomas are distinguished, depending on additional signs - the features of their structure and character.
The cavernous variety differs in crimson shades. Typically, such a tumor is a spot that rises above the skin. At the same time, most of the affected area is located inside, under the skin. This is a spongy formation, which sometimes affects muscle tissue. This phenomenon is dangerous due to the fact that there is an increased vulnerability to injuries. Sometimes bleeding opens, and this increases the likelihood of infection. If the angioma is large, circulatory disorders in the affected area are possible. Then abnormalities will appear in healthy tissues nearby.
Lymphangioma
Lymphangioma is also isolated - it is a tumor of the vessels of the lymphatic system. It is limited, cavernous, progressive. The first type is most susceptible to children. The location of such a vascular tumor is usually on the thigh or on the buttocks.
Cavernous are most often congenital. Progressive lymphangioma is usually found in males. It looks like a pink neoplasm on the limbs, less often - on the body.
Superficial hemangioma
Usually people suffer from superficial hemangiomas. And even if these are not malignant vascular tumors, they can cause a lot of discomfort to the owner. Those who carefully monitor their appearance are especially affected.
The superficial variety is usually congenital; it can also appear in the early years of life. This is a painless point that is located on the face.
Sometimes there are tumors of the choroid of the eye. Less often, it is noticed on the neck, in the scalp. Three times more often such lesions appear in girls than in boys.
The main responsibility of parents is to pay close attention to the appearance of even small formations. Pathological processes of this kind are very insidious: they are able to grow instantly, spreading throughout the body. Vascular tumors of the face can lead to skin necrosis, ulcers with bleeding may appear. Subsequently, inflammatory processes may begin. And even if the neoplasms are painless, they can harm the appearance. They can be extremely difficult to eliminate after their proliferation.
Diagnostics
However, diagnosing hemangioma in childhood is not difficult. The main signs - the tumor decreases, if it is squeezed, it becomes pale. If you let her go, she will be filled with blood again, turning red. In this case, pain does not occur, the child is not worried about the neoplasm.
Treatment tactics
It is noteworthy that, according to some doctors, hemangioma is sometimes not necessary to treat. She disappears on her own. And doctors confirm that, as a rule, vascular tumors dissolve when they reach 5-7 years, leaving no trace. However, the decision to use a wait-and-see tactic should be made directly by a specialist. It is necessary to take into account the clinical picture, the development of pathology.
There is no doubt that the formations that interfere with eating, breathing, and hearing should be treated as soon as possible. Be sure to remove the tumors on the eyelids, otherwise they can damage the visual organs. The danger is represented by vascular brain tumors, as well as hemangiomas, located in places where constant friction occurs. We are talking about the genital area, neck, neck, back.
Sometimes parents are very afraid of surgical interventions in the early years of the child's life. But do not be afraid of the removal of vascular tumors - after all, modern medicine reduces the risks of complications to a minimum, operations of this kind are painless and safe for children. In addition, earlier removal can reduce the likelihood that in the future they will be disturbed by cosmetic defects associated with hemangioma.
Stellate hemangioma
In children older than 5 years, as well as in pregnant women, the so-called "arachnid nevus" often occurs. It is a reddened neoplasm, blood vessels disperse from it. Sometimes you can even see the ripple in them.
Wine stains
Parents start to worry very much, noticing “wine stains” in their child. They are large, located on the neck, face, head. As a rule, they are not convex, but red or bluish. Such formations have uneven edges. This is a cosmetic defect that is not amenable to any surgical intervention.
Cherry Angiomas
Persons older than 30 years often experience multiple cherry-colored angiomas. Their diameter is about 1-5 mm. At first they are red-cherry, and then they go down to the burgundy color. Often there are a lot of them - there can be several tens and hundreds of them. As a rule, these are not malignant tumors, but if their number increases sharply, this phenomenon is a direct indication for visiting an oncologist.
Combined Hemangiomas
While hemangiomas of the superficial variety affect only the patient’s emotional state, are not accompanied by pain, tumors under the skin can cause discomfort. If they are located in the internal organs, this can negatively affect the life of the whole organism. The functions of internal organs are impaired.
Pineal hemangioma
This is a common type of cavernous hemangioma. It is a small tumor of dark red hues. It is usually located on the face. Usually it gives a lot of psycho-emotional discomfort to the owner.
Venous hemangioma
A venous vascular tumor is a protrusion on the skin of a bluish color. As a rule, it appears in a place characteristic of varicose veins. For example, it can easily occur on the limbs of an adult. Such a tumor says about the beginning of a whole complex of pathologies in the veins. Venous blood stagnates here. Usually thrombi are localized here. An angioma of this nature is not inclined to affect the main vessels, it is located in the muscles or deep in the tissues. The danger is that the affected area can expand greatly in a very short time. Then a whole network of communicating foci of branching angioma is formed.
Treatment of superficial brain tumors
It is noteworthy that sometimes there is a vascular tumor in the brain. In this case, the person suffers from many additional symptoms, as a rule. So, problems with maintaining balance can begin. A vascular tumor of the brain provokes pain, dizziness, and can double in the eyes. The patient usually gets tired quickly. For these reasons, treatment in this case must be started immediately, with the first symptoms, consult a doctor for a thorough diagnosis.
It is not difficult to diagnose superficial vascular lesions - the signs of these phenomena have been studied quite well. In any case, additional histological studies are required to establish the exact appearance of the tumor, to exclude the likelihood that it is malignant. Benign pathologies are not always treated. But there are indications for mandatory therapy.
So, you definitely need to get rid of angiomas, which often bleed, in which ulcers appear. If the tumor grows rapidly, immediate medical attention is also necessary. Sometimes an angioma interferes with the comfortable wearing of clothes and shoes. If, with the appearance of a neoplasm, the functional abilities of the internal organs decrease, it is important to remove it in a timely manner.
Treatment methods
Modern medicine includes many methods of treating vascular tumors of a very different nature. For the most part, they are aimed at stopping the further development of angioma, the resumption of blood flow in the affected area. It also removes fabric that has been permanently deformed.
One of the most promising methods of therapy is laser surgery. The tumor is removed in layers without destroying the whole tissue. This is an effective technique.
If the tumor is small, they often resort to electrocoagulation. This is a procedure consisting in cauterization of the affected areas with electric current. Despite the fact that this method is painful, it is effective.
Cryotherapy consists in exposing a vascular tumor to cold. The affected area is frozen with nitrogen or carbon dioxide. As a rule, the procedure is easily tolerated by children, it is effective.
Other treatments require a neoplasm located in hard-to-reach places or already managed to grow into a fairly large area. In this case, radiation therapy helps - shock doses of radiation are used. This requires additional treatment.
Oncologists surgeons sometimes resort to sclerotherapy of tumors. During it, a special composition is introduced into the tissue, as a rule, it is based on alcohol. This procedure is painful, and it is rarely used: the duration of the full course is quite large.
Sometimes the most effective method is surgery. This is especially true of vascular tumors, which are located deep in the tissues. In some cases, this is generally the only way to get rid of the pathology, while other methods simply can not cope with this task.
If it is not possible to carry out surgical treatment of an extensive angioma, resort to hormone therapy. Hormones are able to stop the further development of the tumor, the vascular networks of the affected area begin to dry.
Folk remedies
Popular are the treatments offered by traditional healers. It is hardly possible to fully rely on them and get rid of a vascular tumor - not a single person without specific medical equipment can accurately determine the type of tumor. Is it malignant or benign - only analysis will confirm.
Traditional healers suggest using tinctures of medicinal herbs to get rid of hemangiomas. As a rule, aloe, celandine, walnut are used. There are also radical methods - pulling small tumors in such a way that blood stops flowing to them. But it must be borne in mind that it is not worth resorting to any method without notifying the attending physician. So, celandine is generally poisonous, and if a person takes tinctures from it, this can make the main methods of treatment ineffective or harmful. If a doctor is already treating a patient's vascular tumor with radiation therapy, and the patient secretly takes celandine from the doctor, the body may simply not be able to withstand such a concentration of poisonous and harmful effects.
Folk tinctures are prepared simply - you need to take two tablespoons of the plant and pour 0.5 vodka. Putting the tincture in a dark place, they forget about it for two weeks, tightly pre-covering the product with a lid. After this period, they begin to take it.
Hemangioma inside the brain
Diagnosing a tumor in the brain is important as soon as possible. After all, if it grows, the consequences may be the most serious. If in other internal organs it would not have caused such harm, here its effect may be critical. As a rule, such pathologies arise as a consequence of traumatic brain injuries. Sometimes the reasons lie in the hereditary factor.
Often, a vascular tumor of the brain leads to the appearance of epileptic seizures, thinking disorders, intellectual abilities can significantly decrease. The sense of smell is broken, taste, speech can become slurred. Sometimes a person suffers from vomiting, tinnitus, and vision may be impaired.
If an aneurysm develops near the tumor, hemorrhage may begin. A brain tumor sometimes resolves on its own, but this does not always happen. To avoid serious damage to the body, it is important to consult a doctor as soon as possible.
Modern technology consists in the catheterization of cerebral vessels, which ensures access to the neoplasm, and the introduction of special compounds here. They fill the cavities and prevent the further development of the tumor.
It is important to consider that such lesions are widespread among the population. Nevertheless, there are still cases when their diagnosis is difficult. It is not always possible to differentiate a vascular tumor of a particular species from such neoplasms.