Stroke is one of the main causes of cerebrovascular accident. Symptoms and causes lie mainly in the wrong attitude of people to their health. Insulto (lat.) - attack, attack, this translation perfectly reflects the essence of what happens to the brain at the time of a hypertensive crisis.
According to statistics, this disease is in third place in the list of causes of mortality after heart attack and cancer. In Russia, more than 400 thousand strokes are registered annually, with more than 40% of people dying as a result of a violation of cerebral circulation. Symptoms of the disease can occur most often at night or in the early morning.
Causes of cerebrovascular accident
Hypertension, cerebral aneurysm or atherosclerosis, emotional stress associated with negative emotions can become the causes of such a serious illness as a stroke or “minor stroke”. A microstroke is very similar in symptoms to a stroke. It differs only in that the symptoms pass quickly enough, leaving disastrous consequences not outside but inside.
A rare phenomenon is the rupture of an aneurysm when, due to congenital changes in the brain, a “bag” forms on the wall of one of the vessels supplying the brain with blood. Its walls are rarefied, not so elastic due to bulging to the side, therefore a small change in blood pressure or a negative emotional change is enough for a rupture of the vessel wall to occur.
Types of disease
According to the degree of brain damage, the severity and consequences of the disease, acute cerebrovascular accident is divided into ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. They have different consequences and somewhat similar symptoms.
Ischemic:
- In the case of treatment with antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, restoration of the blood supply to the brain may occur.
- Sometimes surgical treatment and treatment are performed in order to support the normal functioning of the brain.
- Assign maintenance therapy (mildronate, emoxipin, ascorbic acid), drugs that improve tissue metabolism.
Hemorrhagic:
- To reduce the consequences of the decay of the formed thrombus and reduce the permeability of the vessel wall, angioprotectors (troxevasin, ascorutin), drugs with a vasoactive effect (cinnarizine, cavinton, vinpocetine, aminophylline) are prescribed.
- Prevention of secondary lesions of an ischemic nature can be carried out only with constant monitoring of blood pressure and in the case of a persistent decrease.
Cerebrovascular accident. Symptoms, help, causes and prevention
The main signs that an acute violation of cerebral circulation occurred, symptoms:
- blood pressure rises sharply;
- headache comes suddenly;
- dizziness and shaky gait ;
- speech impairment, when intelligibility decreases (sometimes to zero);
- vision is also sharply impaired, whether on one eye on both;
- body temperature rises, face turns red, rapid breathing, slow pulse;
- paralysis or numbness of muscles on one half of the body may occur.
The diagnosis will be determined by the ambulance team, which must be called immediately. The patient should be helped to lie down, open the windows if he is at home or the door to the room so that there is more fresh air. In the future, to determine the type of disease, an examination and the necessary procedures are performed.
The causes of the development of the disease are a violation of cerebral circulation, its symptoms lie on the surface and have already sore mouth. This is still the same wrong lifestyle when a person is overweight, malnourished, abuses smoking and alcohol, does not move much, and has been under stress for a long time.
Less commonly, pathological and congenital changes affect the appearance of changes in the blood circulation of the brain. Chronic diseases, such as diseases of the endocrine glands, kidneys, high cholesterol can cause hypertension and, as a result, circulatory disorders of the brain.
Persistent phenomena in circulatory disorders of the brain become chronic
Chronic cerebrovascular accident occurs as a result of prolonged inadequate supply of blood to the brain (and therefore, oxygen and other nutrients). The whole circulatory system is disrupted, which leads to persistent disorders and changes in the brain tissue.
The functioning of the brain cannot take place fully. Causes may include: hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, infectious diseases that affect cerebral arteries. Symptoms of these disorders may include:
- general fatigue;
- constant tinnitus;
- persistent headaches;
- a feeling of heaviness in the head;
- instability of emotional reactions. Minor events cause tears, tenderness, increased sentimentality;
- disturbed sleep, memory and attention;
- unstable dizziness and instability appear when walking.
Treatment can only be carried out comprehensively and prescribed after a full examination individually in each case. A person should immediately consult a doctor at the slightest sign of a disease, which will help to avoid its acute phase.