According to statistics, approximately 25% of the fair sex at least once in their life encounters such an unpleasant disease as bacterial cystitis. In other words, every fourth woman is exposed to this pathology once, and 10% of them suffer from a chronic form of the disease. But we are talking only about those ladies who sought medical help. Surely, given the unregistered data, this already impressive amount will be even higher.
A little information
Due to the piquancy of this problem, many women are simply embarrassed to discuss it, preferring to keep silent about its presence at the gynecologist's appointment. Suffering from signs of bacterial cystitis in combination with discomfort in the vagina, the ladies simply do not understand which specialist should be consulted. And some even begin to suspect the presence of a sexually transmitted disease and are even more ashamed of their condition, significantly exacerbating the problem. And only when it becomes simply impossible to tolerate manifestations of cystitis, women resort to medical care. But often by this time it becomes too late - you have to pay for a mistake for years.
General information
Bacterial cystitis is a pathology of the bladder, which is accompanied by inflammation of its mucous membrane. This defect is provoked by the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the organ and their active development. Their vital activity entails the appearance of inflammation and its characteristic symptoms.
Bacterial cystitis is considered the most common form of this pathology. It arises, as a rule, against the background of the settlement of bacterial colonies in the urinary ducts. The disease is provoked by staphylococcus saprophytic or E. Coli.
Most often, the defect is diagnosed in women of childbearing age, although both children and men are also quite susceptible to cystitis. Bacterial infections of the genitourinary system often appear in women due to intimacy. Active sexual intercourse is often accompanied by the penetration of bacteria from the microflora of the vagina into the urethra, and then into the bladder itself. After this, the onset of the inflammatory reaction begins. But even in the absence of a sexual life, women always constitute a risk group due to the anatomical features of the structure of the urethra.
Symptoms of bacterial cystitis
There are several common signs of this defect:
- Constant urination. They can disturb the patient extremely often, in some cases even 6 times per hour.
- To empty the bladder, the patient has to make certain efforts. In this case, only a few drops can come out.
- During the emptying of the bladder, a person may feel pain and burning. These unpleasant symptoms can bother the patient in between visits to the toilet. But at the same time, the nature of the pain changes slightly. If at the time of urination they are sharp, then at another time - aching and pulling. For the most part, the lower abdomen hurts, the area above the pubis, sometimes gives to the perineum or tailbone.
- Sometimes there is an increase in body temperature and vomiting. Especially often, these symptoms are of concern to patients with kidney damage.
- Streaks of blood and pus may be present in the urine, which indicates an acute form of pathology. In such a situation, consult a doctor immediately.
Causes
This pathology arises against the background of the penetration of certain pathogenic bacteria into the bladder. In a healthy person, this organ is completely sterile. The causes of bacterial cystitis can be various types of mycobacteria.
- E. coli. It is always located in the intestines of every person, without leading to the development of any disease. This is due to the activity of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, which inhibit the detrimental effect. However, when penetrating into the bladder with a sterile cavity, E. coli begins to multiply intensively. It is because of this that inflammation develops. Many different conditions can contribute to this: systematic disregard for the rules of personal hygiene, hypothermia, a decline in immunity.
- Saprophytic staphylococcus. It turns out to be a provocateur of the disease much less often, but it is considered more dangerous in comparison with Escherichia coli. After all, saprophytic staphylococcus is highly resistant to antibiotics. The bacterium can provoke regular relapses and is a prerequisite for the development of numerous complications. Penetrating the integral mucosa, staphylococcus does not entail inflammation. Pathology occurs only when the surface of the organ is damaged. And this can happen at the moment of intimacy due to violent friction. No less dangerous analogue of this bacterium is Staphylococcus aureus. The greatest threat in itself is hospital bacterial cystitis, which occurs when a person is in stationary conditions, when the body is greatly weakened.
Less common pathogens
Also, the onset of the disease is contributed by:
- Proteins. These microorganisms also inhabit the intestines and can provoke a disease only when they enter the bladder, in which no one can resist them. In addition to cystitis, protea often cause the development of pyelonephritis. In addition, their vital activity contributes to the formation of stones.
- Klebsiella. Inhabit the intestines, skin and feces. They are able to provoke the occurrence of pathology only in the presence of certain conditions. Bacterial cystitis due to infection with this microorganism develops extremely rarely - only in 4% of all cases.
- Enterococci. In a normal state, they are always present in the intestines. These microorganisms can provoke a disease only by stepping out. But they, too, rarely cause a defect - only in 4% of cases.
Treatment of bacterial cystitis in women
Drugs of various spectrum of action are prescribed to patients only after a thorough diagnosis. Only laboratory tests can show the initial cause of cystitis and which bacteria the bladder is infected with. After all, this is the only way to determine to which specific drug pathogenic microorganisms are sensitive. In some cases, to eliminate the harmful microflora, it may be necessary to use several medications from different antibacterial categories.
For the treatment of bacterial cystitis in women, the following drugs are most often used:
- "Nevigramon."
- Levomycetin.
- "Nitroxoline".
- Monural.
- Urosulfan.
- "Nolicin."
- Amoxicillin.
- Furadonin.
- Ampicillin.
- "Nevigramon."
- "Furagin."
- "Sulfamidetoxin."
Therapy Features
Many doctors prescribe Monural to their patients, since it is it that has a broad bactericidal effect. Thanks to its use, a woman experiences significant relief after only a couple of hours. Due to this, it is often recommended in the acute stage of pathology.
You can get rid of pain and cramps with the help of such drugs:
- Diclofenac.
- "No-shpa."
- "Nimesil."
- "Papaverine".
It is also possible to alleviate the general condition with the help of warm baths. Usually, just 15 minutes is enough to get rid of excruciating pain.
How to treat bacterial cystitis? You can get rid of the disease and all its manifestations exclusively with the help of special medicines. The outcome of the disease and the further prognosis depend on the literacy of the selection of funds and the therapeutic scheme. Usually, bacterial cystitis in women is quite easy to treat, but subject to early diagnosis and timely medical attention.
Drug therapy depends entirely on the stage of the pathology and the complications present at this stage. Most often, the course of treatment lasts about three weeks.
Prevention
For a full treatment of bacterial cystitis, a balanced diet is extremely important. It consists in the use of dairy and vegetable products. It is very important to delete any fried, spicy and salty treats from the daily diet. Such dishes contribute to the irritation of the inflamed membrane of the organ, which significantly complicates and slows down the healing process.
An absolute ban also applies to alcohol. Compliance with the drinking regime is important - you need to drink the maximum amount of liquid. It is allowed to use ordinary water, non-carbonated mineral, berry fruit drinks.
Sexual activity during the period of therapy is allowed, but it is very important to use condoms.
People suffering from chronic bacterial cystitis should systematically prevent relapse. Similar courses should be held several times throughout the year. The doctor should choose a preventive plan individually. By the way, it is not necessary to include antibacterial agents in it.
Conclusion
With timely and competent treatment, the further prognosis is quite favorable. To prevent the degeneration of cystitis into a chronic form, you should immediately seek medical help if you find the first symptoms of a pathology. Self-medication with the use of various antibiotics often becomes the reason for the development of pathogenic bacteria resistance to drugs. And this in the future can lead to the development of serious complications.