How to treat joint dysplasia, cervix uteri - issues that people of different ages face. If the pathological state of the organs of the reproductive system is characteristic of women, then the joints can suffer in children and in older people, regardless of gender. Consider alternately dysplasia of the reproductive and musculoskeletal systems.
Women's troubles: general information
If the doctor finally formulated the diagnosis, confirming cervical dysplasia, how to treat (1, 2, 3 degree), he will tell immediately at the reception. Pathology should not be confused with erosion: although the etiology is close, however, the therapeutic course is significantly different. Uterine dysplasia is one of the precancerous conditions of the epithelial layer, but the likelihood of malignancy is relatively small, so panic, barely hearing the diagnosis, is not worth it. Pathology can be completely and completely cured if you start to fight it on time, under the supervision of a specialist.
Before you figure out how to treat uterine dysplasia, what it is, how dangerous it is, you should consult the basic anatomy. The uterine neck is covered with an epithelial cell layer, divided into several successive layers. First is the basal, then parabasal, middle, upper. If the layering sequence is disturbed, dysplasia begins. Degrees are divided into three types: easy, medium and difficult.
Categories and Features
The first degree of dysplasia is diagnosed if studies show the presence of polymorphic cells with an incorrect nucleus structure and an incorrect ratio of nucleus volumes and cytoplasm. We will have to figure out how to treat grade 1 dysplasia if differentiation in the third, deepest part of the flat epithelial layer is disturbed in the cell layer. In this case, the differentiation of cells in the upper two layers remains anatomically correct.
The second degree of the pathological condition is diagnosed with the detection of atypical cells and multiple division in the lower half of the epithelial layer, while the upper half remains normal.
The doctor will tell you how to treat neck dysplasia of the third degree if the tests show the presence of atypical cells in 2/3 of the epithelial layer. This condition is most associated with the danger of cancer. Cancer is diagnosed when all epithelial layers are structurally disrupted.
Causes and consequences
It is customary to talk about internal and external factors that increase the risk of a pathological condition. You may have to figure out how to treat grade 2 dysplasia, first or third, women infected with HPV, herpes simplex viruses. There is a danger of developing dysplasia against the background of other infectious diseases transmitted through the reproductive pathways. Internal factors include chronic pathologies that affect the genitourinary system and the pelvis. With certain risks, there is a violation of the hormonal background and a decrease in the immune status. Perhaps a combination of internal and external factors.
Studies on the causes and risks, the nuances of how to treat cervical dysplasia, as well as the analysis of the dangers associated with the disease, showed: from half to 80% of patients suffering from the condition in question are infected with HPV. As a rule, 16, 18 types were revealed - that is, those associated with the greatest risk of degeneration of cellular structures.
How to notice?
To suspect that it is already necessary to figure out how to treat cervical dysplasia of the 1st degree is rather difficult - at first there are no specific symptoms or practically none. Mild soreness in the lower abdomen is possible, but this usually accompanies a neglected case. Also, as you progress, the risk of blood-containing secretions increases. Such symptoms are disturbing if dysplasia has been progressing for several years.
Pathology is usually detected as part of a routine examination or when examining a woman who has applied for a different reason. It is not at all necessary that everyone will have to learn from experience how to treat cervical dysplasia of the 1st degree: the disease can be prevented if you monitor your health, regularly visit a doctor, and lead an adequate lifestyle. When the results of a cytological examination, indicating dysplasia, it is necessary to undergo in-depth tests to determine the presence of background diseases.
If dysplasia is combined with other disorders of the health of the reproductive organs, the condition can manifest itself as secretions, itching of the skin. It is necessary to undergo tests to determine the causative agent of infection, after which a course with the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, focusing on the features of the case.
What to do?
Having taken all the necessary tests and confirming the peculiarities of the case, the doctor will explain how to treat dysplasia (1st degree, 2nd or 3rd - all forms can be treated). The therapeutic course largely depends on previous and current uterine pathologies: cervicitis, erosion, viral invasion. Sometimes dysplasia is the only and independent state. The selection of the course is based on the results of colposcopy and the severity level of the condition, the age of the patient, the activity of her reproductive system, the localization of the pathological process and the nuances of the anatomical structure in a particular case.
With a mild form, they practice the most gentle course. The doctor, telling how to treat dysplasia, will explain: the use of a special device for local treatment of sites is enough. Expectant tactics are sometimes recommended. You can apply the wave method.
The wait-and-go option is due to the following fact: in approximately one or two women out of every three patients, uterine lesions regress on their own. Having chosen this tactic, a woman is registered and a preventive examination is done monthly or a little less often (four times a year). When a focus of inflammation is identified, local remedies are selected to inhibit its activity, and they also offer measures to prevent cell proliferation. Assign hormones to control the monthly cycle. If this approach does not give the desired result for a quarter of a year, go to a more radical treatment option.
Medications Against Pathology
Formulating recommendations on how to treat dysplasia, the doctor will select the appropriate therapeutic course for the patient. The most useful retinoids that control cell proliferation and activate killers. Under their influence, cytotoxic cell structures become more active, which helps to take control of dysplasia.
Relatively low levels of efficacy are shown by podophyllin and trichloroacetic acid used previously . These drugs are not currently used, although their effectiveness against atypical cell mitosis is estimated at approximately 86%.
A much more effective option is 5-Fluorouracil. Explaining how to treat dysplasia, the doctor will pay attention to the similarity of the course with the fight against flat papillomas. The medication is used in the form of an ointment, it treats the affected areas of the uterine neck. The course lasts two weeks, the frequency of use is twice a day.
Interferon is recommended to increase lymphocyte activity. Under its influence, the content of immunoglobulins in the body increases, viral activity and pathological proliferation are inhibited. Interferon is usually recommended in the form of injections or for topical application - ointments and gels are available. The drug is used for 20 days, the frequency per day - up to 4 times.
Surgeons come to the rescue
Radical therapists also know how to treat dysplasia. Damage in the cervical canal in depth can reach almost 8 mm, although the average size is 3.5 mm. With tissue destruction to a depth of three millimeters in 95% of cases, the disease can be completely eliminated. In 99% success is achievable with a four-millimeter exposure.
Well established method with liquid nitrogen. This is suitable for mild pathology and moderate severity; it gives the best results if the focus of degeneration is not more than 3 cm. In severe cases, cryodestruction is possible, although it is not one of the selection methods. The exposure of the procedure is up to 10 minutes, two stages of exposure to the tissue are necessary. The method is not recommended if, after the event, the patient will not be able to undergo histological control, as well as with damage to half the duration of the uterine neck and a larger size.
Radio wave method and surgery
It is considered one of the best for the fight against uterine dysplasia. Before the procedure, it is necessary to fully examine the condition of the woman, to exclude infection, including hepatitis viruses. The pelvis is checked using ultrasound, tissue samples for biopsy are obtained from the uterine neck. To identify the boundaries of the affected area, areas of the uterus are treated with Lugol's solution.
Radio wave therapy can only be used when screening completely excludes cancer. The procedure can only be performed by a doctor with a specialized medical education.
When determining the third degree of severity, a group of doctors chooses the therapeutic course - they involve an oncogynecologist. It is possible to remove the uterine neck using a technology named after Sturmdorf. This is necessary if the omission of the organ, cervical elongation is detected. This is recommended for patients older than 50 years, with a minimal risk of atrophic processes, conization. Surgery is indicated for severely occurring dysplasia and the failure of milder therapy options.
Terms & Conditions
For women under the age of forty, when detecting mid-level dysplasia, treatment with the radio wave method is recommended. With a large ectropion, cervical deformity, as well as at the age of 45 years and above, it is reasonable to resort to diathermoelectroexcision or tissue removal. If a tumor process is detected, removal of the uterus is indicated.
When choosing a treatment for dysplasia, you need to remember: the disease can be combined with the initial form of cancer. This requires a cone-shaped excision. An alternative is cervical amputation. It is almost impossible for patients aged 45 years and older to perform an organ-preserving operation, therefore a hysterectomy is indicated.
Joint diseases
Sometimes parents have to figure out how to treat a child's dysplasia. This disease is significantly different from that described above, it affects the hip joints. The therapeutic course will drag on for several months or years, and the baby will have to go through many therapeutic measures. In many ways, the success of treatment is determined by the perseverance and responsibility of the parents.
The disease is detected if the development of the hip joint is impaired. Cases of such a pathology are observed in different countries of the world. The disease is congenital, found in the first months of life, but is rarely diagnosed in older people. As a rule, in this case, dysplasia occurs against the background of trauma or irresponsible, poor-quality treatment of congenital pathology.
The disease is detected on average in 2% of newborns, but the indicator is significantly higher for cold areas - it reaches 5%. More often the left half of the body suffers, less often the right half or both. Initial correction measures are chosen by the doctor. He is responsible for explaining to parents how to treat hip dysplasia.
Therapy and its absence
Choosing how to treat hip dysplasia in a particular case, the doctor will select the appropriate gymnastic measures and teach parents to massage the child. Stirrups are also indicated. A conservative approach requires a long time, but it helps to exclude surgery, to avoid negative consequences, complications.
If dysplasia is not treated, a subluxation is formed over time, then a dislocation. In the absence of medical assistance, a gait suffers, in the future a person will suffer pains. In addition to the hip joints of the knees, ankle can suffer. A sick person walks clumsy and hesitantly, he is worried about soreness of his limbs.
Dysplasia does not go away on its own. Timely clarification of the diagnosis, the selection of the appropriate treatment and responsible follow-up developed by the doctor course allow you to cope with the disease. True, you need to understand: although doctors know how to treat hip dysplasia in children, all these methods require considerable time and patience. No one will provide instant help.
Where to begin?
Doctors, knowing well how to treat hip dysplasia in children, can choose the best option for a therapeutic program. As a rule, the minimum duration of the procedures is six months, sometimes the treatment stretches for a couple of years. If you do not complete the course to the end, in the future the condition will surely worsen.
If the case is relatively simple, which is confirmed by the results of ultrasound, massage, physiotherapy is enough. The immature region will gradually begin to develop normally. With the type of disease "2b" can not do without stirrups. Such a cipher indicates a pathology requiring orthopedic correction. In its absence, the likelihood of severe complications is high. In rare cases, the intervention of the surgeon is necessary, conservative treatment is performed on the main percentage of patients.
With the third degree of dislocation, they can recommend a closed reduction, after which it will be necessary to use gypsum for some time. The approach is practiced for the age group of 2-5 years. Duration of stay in a bandage - from six months or more. If the patient is older than five years old, closed reduction becomes difficult or impossible operation, the only option is open intervention.
What will come to the rescue?
The classic version of orthopedic appliances prescribed for dysplasia is Pavlik's stirrups. The use of elastic material in the manufacture of the product allows you to get a plastic product that gives the patient freedom of movement, but does not allow to straighten the limbs completely. In addition, due to the stirrups, the child widely spreads its legs. The device makes it possible to bend the knee, turn on its side, stomach. Over time, the child adjusts to crawl, to sit in such stirrups.
For a long time, holding legs with bent knees is not easy, unconsciously a person raises his limbs, which gradually corrects the subluxation. The child is so accustomed to stirrups that he maintains this position of the legs even in the absence of adaptation - for example, during washing. Sometimes the period of wearing stirrups is accompanied by a slowed psychomotor development, but after refusing to adapt, the problem exhausts itself. A sick child later learns to lie down on his stomach and return to a position on the back, but this does not represent a serious difficulty.
The duration of use of stirrups is a quarter of a year or more. The specific timing depends on the severity of the pathological condition, complications. Before removal, an ultrasound examination is necessary. In case of doubtful results, the condition of the joints is checked by X-ray.
Children require care!
Doctors urge not to help the child sit until the baby learns this himself. This is especially important in the case of dysplasia. If you force the child to sit while it is still too small, this will adversely affect the formation of the joints, and also give an excessive load on the spinal column.
With simple dysplasia, it is often enough to use a special pillow - you can do without stirrups. For its production, dense material is used to help keep the hips divorced. Visually, the pillow is like panties. In a more serious condition, tires are shown.
Various help
To stimulate the development of the joint and restore its normal functionality, it is necessary to regularly massage the child, bring him to physiotherapy exercises. Such measures are common in rehabilitation courses of all pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, and are especially effective after the stage of using orthopedic appliances. As a result of the course, the baby learns to breed legs correctly, muscle tone returns to normal, blood flow is activated.
Both massage and gymnastics are practiced strictly under the supervision of a doctor. The duration of treatment is from 10 procedures and more. Between course repeats, monthly breaks are recommended. Parents should practice simple exercises with a child at home that help the child relax muscle tissue and ligaments.