Facial dermatitis, the symptoms and treatment (photo below) of which are heterogeneous-allergic, is a common inflammatory process of the skin. The causative agents of rashes on the face can be food, pet hair, drugs, plant pollen, and so on. Itchy skin, or pruritus, can occur on almost any part of the skin, especially on the face. Most often, a rash forms in the lips, on the cheeks and behind the ears.
Types, causes and signs
Dermatitis, prurigo prurigo or strofulus is the general name for the inflammatory process that causes itchy rashes on the face. The term is the collective name for heterogeneous allergic skin inflammation. There are several varieties of inflammatory skin lesions caused by exposure to damaging factors as a result of physical and / or biochemical damage to the skin:
- Seborrheic dermatitis due to inflammation of the sebaceous glands, developing under the influence of a modification of the chemical composition in the subcutaneous fat. As a rule, itchy skin affects the main facial areas: nose bridge, nasolabial folds, eyelashes, eyebrows and chin. Often, seborrheic inflammation of the skin is noted behind the ears or in the area of the auricle. The causative agent of seborrheic dermatitis is a yeast-like fungus of the species Malassezia restricta and / or Malassezia globosa.
- Allergic contact dermatitis on the face is a sensitive reaction of the skin after interacting with an allergen that is captured by epidermal cells and forms a rash on the face. The causes of inflammation, as a rule, are the genetic predisposition of the body to a specific allergen, that is, inherited. Therefore, dermatitis in children (infants), which have an allergic nature of occurrence, is very often observed.
- Atopic dermatitis on the face is a chronic form of allergic dermatitis, which is based on a hereditary predisposition to various pathogen allergens. The recurrent course of atopic eczema has various clinical manifestations depending on the age characteristics of the person. The disease has clear seasonal characteristics when an exacerbation or incomplete remission is manifested in the winter, and a partial or complete disappearance of symptoms is observed in the summer.
Inflammation of the skin on the face
Treatment of dermatitis on the face (photo of inflammation above) is determined depending on the stage of the disease. So, the following forms of inflammation of the skin are distinguished:
- acute;
- subacute;
- generalized.
Symptomatic signs of acute dermatitis
The acute stage of skin rash is characterized by a sudden course of the disease after contact with allergens after a short period of time. As a rule, symptomatic signs and pain stop after drug intervention, provided that the allergen is correctly identified. Symptomatic signs of acute dermatitis on the face:
- Strong redness of the skin, provided by the expansion of blood vessels.
- Skin rash forms a pronounced itching.
- Papular nodules filled with serous content appear.
- Dryness and / or peeling of the epidermis layer is noted.
Such dermatitis on the face (photo below) is not contagious, and, as a rule, after an appropriate medical response, rashes pass without a trace.
The chronic stage of skin inflammation has more severe symptoms due to the prolonged exposure to an allergic irritant. The appearance of pinkish or crimson hyperemic spots on certain parts of the face is caused by prolonged combing of the damaged areas. The inflammatory process is complicated by the possible introduction of infection. The treatment and symptoms of dermatitis on the face (photo below) in this case are complicated and require a longer therapeutic effect. The timing of treatment is determined during the treatment itself. Drug therapy involves the use of various gels and / or ointments for the treatment and oral administration of pharmacological drugs. Ointment for contact dermatitis is prescribed strictly by a doctor. During procedural treatment, a specialist can prescribe several types of ointments. During the treatment process, it is also necessary to take breaks in the use of ointments, especially in the case of children.
Heavy forms
Subacute dermatitis on the face requires special attention from medical professionals, since the rash on the skin acquires a bluish tint, accompanied by possible allergic complications, hay fever or asthma.
The most severe form is generalized dermatitis on the face. The causes of clinical pathology lie in the neglect of an allergic condition. Patients have swelling of the skin, severe peeling and dryness of the dermis, sometimes accompanied by a hardened thickening of the affected area. From the skin, microtraumas and venous hyperemia are noted.
Oral dermatitis
This type of disease is extremely rare. The number of such patients for all cases of the disease by the group of dermatitis is 1 percent. The onset of the disease is accompanied by a high sensitivity to cosmetics and ointments, due to which acne appears on the face. Frequent and prolonged use of corticosteroid ointments and the use of fluoride-containing toothpastes can lead to oral dermatitis on the face. Reviews and composition of cosmetics purchased by you must be studied before use. In some cases, oral dermatitis can occur due to the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation, or during a hormonal imbalance. Treatment of this type of disease is determined strictly by a dermatologist.
Treatment of dermatitis on the face in adults and children
Before starting therapeutic action, it is necessary to clearly determine the type of pathogen of an allergic reaction, that is, to identify the allergen. This will help the diagnosis of dermatitis on the face. Based on the results of a visual examination of the patient and the data of laboratory biochemical studies, the treating dermatologist determines the severity of the condition and methods of therapeutic treatment. The most effective complex therapy, which includes:
- drug treatment with pharmacological groups of drugs;
- physiotherapeutic procedures;
- the strictest hypoallergenic diet.
Medication: antihistamines and glucocorticosteroids
Antihistamines and glucocorticosteroids are used to treat skin diseases from the group of dermatitis on the face. Such pharmacological groups have an operative and effective effect on the clinical conditions of the skin. Among the pharmacological treatments, the following antihistamines can be distinguished:
- "Suprastin" is an effective remedy for atopic dermatitis of seasonal and / or chronic forms of allergic skin inflammation.
- "Claridol" is a pharmacological drug against various conditions of allergic origin.
- "LauraHexal" is an effective drug for various pseudo-allergic reactions, contact dermatoses, Quincke's edema and other conditions.
- Kestin is a pharmacological combination that blocks histamine receptors.
Attention! The dosage and course of treatment is determined by a consulting dermatologist or local physician.
Physiotherapeutic treatment
An effective way to cure dermatitis on the face is a physiotherapeutic effect through low-frequency laser radiation on damaged skin areas. Laser exposure for dermatological diseases is limited to 3-5 minutes of radiation. With daily disposable physiotherapeutic procedures, the course of treatment is designed for 10-15 sessions, with repeated laser exposure to the body after 1-3 months.
Diet
If a food allergen is detected, there is an urgent need to follow a strict diet, which eliminates the food product that causes an allergic reaction.
The risk of such a clinic may be caused by certain food products, which are divided into three groups depending on the severity of their allergic effects.
The most powerful irritants contain:
- milk;
- meat with a high concentration of fat;
- seafood, including fish;
- citrus;
- nuts
- honey;
- all kinds of chocolate products;
- Tomatoes
- wheat;
- strawberries, etc.
The average risk group for the content of allergens includes:
- potatoes;
- pork;
- turkey meat;
- apricot, peach, currant;
- rice, corn;
- all kinds of red pepper.
The least allergic pathogen is found in products such as:
- mutton;
- apples, plums;
- zucchini, cucumbers, pumpkin and squash.
This is just a short list of possible foods that cause an allergic reaction in the human body.
Important! Before drawing up a diet of dietary nutrition, consultation with your doctor or dietitian is necessary.
Folk remedies
In addition to traditional means and methods of treating skin itching with dermatitis on the face, there are alternative ways to get rid of this ailment. Subject to the therapeutic measures prescribed by the consulting specialist, traditional medicine will be effective in the case when the allergic reaction has not acquired a chronic and / or generalized course of the disease. Consider effective ways to cure folk dermatitis on the face:
- Recipe number 1. Compress from potatoes. Peeled medium-sized potatoes are rubbed on a fine grater. The resulting healing mass is applied to inflamed skin for 1.5-2 hours.
- Recipe number 2. Hypericum ointment. Freshly picked grass (250 g) is mixed with 500 ml of vegetable oil and infused for 7-10 days in a dry and dark place. After filtering, the drug for home treatment is ready. Hypericum ointment has a disinfecting and anti-inflammatory property, soothes the nervous system, eliminates itching and burning in the affected areas of the skin.
- Recipe number 3. Nettle broth. The crushed grass of the plant (2 tbsp. L.) Is poured with a glass of boiling water and infused for 1.5-2 hours. After cooling to a temperature of comfort, a medicinal decoction is used in the form of medicinal, soothing lotions lotions.
- Recipe number 4. Tea from dandelions. For 100 g of dandelion leaves, 500 ml of boiling water is needed. A homemade medicine for skin itching on the face is brewed like regular tea, and after 5-7 minutes of infusion it is ready for use. The healing mass is intended both for a compress on the affected areas, and in the form of a drink that will have a calming effect on irritated receptors of the nervous system.
- Recipe number 5. Thyme ointment. Thyme acts on the affected skin as an antiseptic. A teaspoon of dry herb powder is mixed with a tablespoon of quality butter. Healing ointment lubricates allergic defects in various parts of the skin.
Facial dermatitis in adults and children, what is the difference?
Due to the unstable immune system, infants and children under three years of age often develop dermatitis in cold weather (mainly below zero). At this point, the child has a violation of the innervation of the skin (providing organs and tissues with nerve cells), and the level of refractory fatty acids in the body also rises. The combination of all these factors leads to the appearance of contact dermatosis. The affected area is on the cheeks, nose, ears and fingertips. Contact dermatitis in adults is based on a completely different symptom. This is due to the more stable immune system of an adult, unlike a child.
Precautions for children under one year of age
Here are some things to look out for:
- One year old baby should avoid contact with chlorine. Chlorinated water always flows in our pipelines, so bathing a child can end with his illness. Such water should be boiled or left for 6-8 hours in open containers so that all chlorine evaporates. For bathing young children, it is recommended to install a filter cleaner on the water tap.
- Children's hygiene products (soap, shampoos and gels) should be used no more than once or twice a week. The fact is that all hygiene products (regardless of the mark “Baby / Baby”) contain surfactants that neutralize and sometimes destroy the protective fat layer of the skin of the child.
- Children's toys and other objects with which the child is in contact cannot be washed with chlorine. In general, household cleaning products should be kept away from your baby.
Alternative and additional treatment options
In addition to various ointments, lotions and compresses, it is equally effective to use health masks with a high content of sea salt. If dermatitis affects not only the face, but also other parts of the body, it is recommended to take therapeutic baths that relieve skin inflammation, soothe itching and burning.
For a therapeutic effect, pine buds and / or conifer needles are added to the water. No less effective is the treatment of dermatitis with a weak solution of sea salt, which has a calming effect on an inflamed organism. All of these methods are used in the prevention of contact dermatitis.