Often, many women are biased towards histological examination, since they think that a specialist directs him only when the cancer process in the patient's body is suspected. But this is an erroneous opinion. Gynecology has a wide range of indications for its implementation, and it is often used for diagnostic purposes.
For example, histology of the ovaries is a necessary step in a therapeutic course. We will examine in more detail in this matter.
Histology: what is it?
The main function of histology is the analysis of the structure, development and existence of tissues. A similar study in gynecology is required in the following cases:
- after surgical or spontaneous abortion: the tissues of the endometrium or placenta are examined, the reasons for the miscarriage, as well as the condition of the genital organ as a whole, including the neck, are established;
- if there is a possibility of an unfavorable course of pregnancy in order to study fetal tissues;
- after a tumor or cystic mass is excised to establish the origin, the level of malignancy;
- in order to analyze the condition of the endometrium and various pathologies of the uterine neck after curettage of the genital organ;
- to establish the composition of the tissues of polyps or papillomatous formations after removing them surgically.
How is histology of ovarian follicles performed? How many treatment options are there?
Varieties of research
In gynecology, histology means the possibility of carrying out several types of studies, which are carried out in the following cases:
- identification of the state of the placenta after a frozen pregnancy or spontaneous abortion, while the woman is prescribed additional tests;
- determination of oncological processes: thanks to the study, it is possible to establish the degree of cell malignancy and develop therapeutic tactics;
- identification of the condition of the uterine endometrium, due to which it is possible to determine the causes of bleeding, pain, as well as the relief of the outer layer of the organ;
- a separate variety is the study of the uterine neck, which is required to detect a number of pathologies: oncological process, dysplasia, erosion, etc .;
- determination of the condition of the ovaries, which is relevant in the presence of neoplasms in their structure, the material for analysis is taken by puncture;
- the histology of the ovarian cyst, carried out after surgery and allowing to evaluate the tissue structure, a similar procedure is carried out if other methods do not allow you to see deviations in the reproductive state of a woman, and has several stages.
How are histological studies performed?
The ovarian histology both during and after the operation consists of the following successive steps:
- A special solution is applied to the material obtained during the study, which prevents tissue rot.
- To increase the density of tissues, they are dehydrated, and then poured with paraffin. Due to this, a solid mass is formed, necessary for making incisions.
- By means of a microtome, the material is divided into several parts.
- Pieces are placed on the glass and stained, which is required to determine different structures (RNA, DNA, etc.).
- Glass-covered tissues are examined using a microscope, which makes it possible to determine the presence of atypical cells in the structure of the ovary.
Histology usually lasts from one to three weeks. Duration is determined by whether you have your own laboratory in a medical institution or if you need to deliver the material to another unit (this takes time). The procedure can be carried out urgently during the day immediately after the operation, but in this case it is impossible to judge the absolute accuracy of the results. Despite the widespread opinion, the histology of the ovarian tumor, performed in the standard way, is a reliable study that allows us to determine the malignant type of pathology in a timely manner.
The operation to eliminate the ovarian cyst
Certain types of cysts cannot be cured only by conservative methods. In this case, surgical intervention is required, which can be carried out in two ways:
- Laparoscopy is performed through a small hole in the abdominal wall with a laparoscope. Such an intervention is less traumatic, and is also characterized by a faster recovery.
- Laparotomy refers to the removal of an ovarian cyst through an incision made in the abdomen. Such operations are currently carried out infrequently.
What guides you when choosing?
The following factors affect the choice of the method of operation:
- type of cyst;
- the size;
- general health status;
- patient age;
- the presence in the clinic of the necessary equipment;
- the possibility of complications.
Each operation is carried out with the following objectives:
- determine the nature of the cyst, for which, after surgery, histology is performed;
- prevent transformation into a cancerous tumor;
- eliminate the cyst and keep the ovarian tissue healthy.
What types of cysts can be detected during histology
After removal of the ovarian cysts, the tissues taken during the operation are subjected to scrupulous microscopic analysis, due to which the following can be detected:
- benign education;
- border tumor;
- appendage cancer.
You do not need to worry in the first case, but in the following you need to see a doctor to undergo a detailed examination and prescribe treatment. Based on the histology of the ovary, therapy is selected exclusively individually. If the pathology is malignant, then a radical operation is usually carried out, combined at the discretion of the doctor with chemical or radiation therapy. With the borderline nature of the formation, you can try to maintain reproductive function, but in this case there is a risk of malignant transformation of the tumor. Benign neoplasms are:
- follicular and functional;
- endometriotic;
- serous single-chamber cystadenomas;
- steam and steam.
Mature teratomas and multi-chamber serous formations are quite safe for a woman's health. All tumors that can rapidly grow and degenerate into cancer are among the borderline histological conditions, which is why immediate surgical removal is most often required.
What histological examination of the cyst shows
Most often, the results of ovarian histology are recorded in Latin, which is why decryption is a medical prerogative. On the form in the upper part indicate the personal data of the woman, after the type of tissue and the site of their collection, the method of the study (regular or urgent), the solutions used. Further in the conclusion, the doctor’s conclusions are written, that is, information about the features of the identified tissues, the presence or absence of pathological processes.
Do not worry ahead of time
Some patients think that a lot of the information indicated on the form indicates that there are serious health problems, but this is not always the case. It must be remembered that the conclusion does not indicate recommendations. To get them, you need to see a doctor. He will prescribe the necessary drugs.
Histology of the ovaries makes it possible to reliably determine the nature of the cysts due to which the operation was performed, therefore it is considered a very effective method for diagnosing diseases in the gynecological field. For example, according to the results of a study of the material, an oncological tumor of the ovary of the primary type may be detected. It will be determined by the histological structure as a malignant epithelial formation of the glandular or papillary structure. But in most cases, if there is a tumor process in the ovary, we are talking about cystadenocarcinoma.
Can ovarian histology results be erroneous
Almost every patient, receiving such a histology result that he did not expect, in his heart hopes that he is mistaken. However, with such a study, errors can occur very rarely. Thanks to histology, not only cancer cells are detected, but in some cases, using a number of methods, histologists can even establish the cause of their occurrence. A mistake can be made only when the material was not taken correctly or the research sequence was not followed, and this happens in rare cases.
Histology Ovarian cancer does not reveal too often.
Actions after surgery
After removal, the recovery period passes quickly, which especially happens after laparoscopy. Histology of the ovaries has already been performed, and the patient is discharged already on the 3-4th day. During the recovery period, it is often necessary to use oral contraceptives, as well as a review of your diet.
What are the complications of a cyst?
If the cyst does not disappear on its own a couple of months after its discovery, then serious treatment must be taken. Its absence can cause a number of complications, which will have to be eliminated only in an operational way. A particularly serious danger appears when the cyst speaks of oncology, and at the same time delay is equal to death. It is worth noting that even a benign formation can cause the legs to twist, and this will manifest itself in very strong pains in the lower abdomen. A similar complication threatens peritonitis, and it will not be possible to avoid the operation.
The leg is able to twist through the intestines and cause its obstruction. Common complications can also be:
- cyst rupture;
- suppuration;
- polycystic;
- bleeding;
- infertility as a result of a cyst in an advanced state.
Many patients are afraid of surgery, and therefore reach a critical state when it is necessary to remove both tumors and the entire ovary, and in some cases not even one.
Conclusion
When diagnosing a pathology, all medical recommendations must be followed. If there are no positive results, then you do not need to refuse the operation, since it is currently not so traumatic, it allows you to avoid significant complications, the body quickly recovers.