According to the instructions, Diprivan anesthesia is prescribed for general anesthesia. Today, this drug is considered one of the most harmless anesthetics.
"Diprivan" is a popular anesthetic medicine that is actively used in medicine. It is produced by the well-known UK pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca.
Drug characteristics
The medication refers to non-inhalation drugs for general anesthesia. Diprivan has a short-term effect. In this case, instant sedation (medical sleep) occurs.
The drug is used if necessary, the patient is put into a state of sleep for surgical or diagnostic interventions. It has a general analgesic effect.
Release form, price
Produce "Diprivan" in the form of a special emulsion, which is used intravenously drip. It has a uniform structure and a milky tint. The solution is dispensed in glass ampoules with a volume of 20 milliliters. There are five ampoules per pack. The cost of the drug varies from 1500 to 1800 rubles.
Structure
The composition of the drug includes one active ingredient - propofol. In one milliliter of the drug, there are 10 milligrams of this substance.
Auxiliary elements are:
- soybean oil;
- egg phospholipids;
- sodium hydroxide;
- glycerol;
- sodium edetate;
- purified water.
The properties
The pharmacological actions of the active component are still not fully understood. It is believed that a calming and narcotic effect is achieved by slowing the active substance of special neuroreceptors of gamma-aminobutyric acid, which inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses in the nervous system. When using the medicine, the following processes can be observed:
- The onset of analgesic effect within thirty seconds.
- A sharp exit from the state of anesthesia.
- Decreased blood pressure.
- Reducing the activity of brain microcirculation, metabolism, as well as intracranial pressure.
- Minor heart rate changes.
- Suppression of respiratory activity.
In this case, the active substance is not able to suppress the production of hormones by the adrenal cortex. The component has reduced emetogenic ability, that is, after exiting general anesthesia in a person, nausea and vomiting are observed less often than with inhalation anesthesia.
In addition, he does not have headaches, there is an instant restoration of perception, as well as ingenuity, the ability to get acquainted with new information and remember it, attention, speech, orientation in space and time, motor skills.
Pharmacokinetic properties are characterized by three phases:
- The first is characterized by rapid spread over four minutes.
- The second is characterized by instant component elimination.
- The third is the last and slowest phase when propofol is redistributed from weakly perfused tissues to the bloodstream.
Metabolic processes occur in the liver. In this case, an artificially synthesized molecule of propofol and quinole is formed. Metabolism products are excreted by the kidneys along with urine.
Indications
According to the instructions and reviews, Diprivan anesthesia is prescribed in the following situations:
- The introduction of the patient into anesthesia.
- Maintenance of the anesthetic effect.
- Bringing the patient into a calm state during the procedure of mechanical ventilation.
- Ensuring a calm state of the patient, who is conscious, during certain surgical procedures or diagnostic procedures.
Bans
Among the contraindications for use, there are:
- Individual intolerance to one or more components.
- The age of the child is up to a month.
- Previously identified allergic reactions to soy or peanuts.
- Medication sleep for patients under sixteen years of age who are undergoing treatment in the intensive care unit.
The medication is absolutely harmless, therefore it has been used in the treatment of newborns from the second month on. There are special dosage regimens for them.
According to reviews of Diprivan anesthesia, it is known that women in the situation are prohibited from using the drug. Propofol (active ingredient) has the ability to pass through the placenta and provoke severe impairment of growth and development in the future baby, therefore it is used only when absolutely necessary. If a woman interrupts pregnancy, then the medication can be used.
Diprivan should be used carefully for cardiovascular diseases, respiratory dysfunctions, severe liver and kidney diseases, as well as for exhaustion of the body. In elderly people, with the introduction of propofol, its higher blood concentrations occur.
This can cause a significant decrease in blood pressure, as well as obstruction of the respiratory tract, a decrease in blood oxygen saturation, therefore, such doses of the drug should be administered to such patients for anesthesia.
Instruction manual
Using this medication, the patient is injected into anesthesia. To ensure the proper use of Diprivan and reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions, it is necessary to adhere to the following recommendations:
- The procedure should be performed by an anesthetist. In which case, it can be replaced by a medical specialist from the intensive care unit who has experience in anesthesia.
- Different doctors should administer the medication and carry out the operation or diagnostic intervention.
- When anesthetizing, it is necessary to constantly monitor the general condition of the patient, especially his respiratory function.
- Equipment for artificial ventilation of the lungs, as well as oxygen supply and other resuscitation units should be ready for use.
- The patient must be immobilized, since during the operation, involuntary movements may occur that pose a certain danger.
- Before discharge, it is important to make sure that the patient has completely withdrawn from anesthesia, as after using the medicine, loss of consciousness and an increase in muscle tone can occur.
- After anesthetics, the patient should be escorted to home. In addition, he needs to refrain from driving a car for a while.
- Immediately after anesthesia, it is necessary to avoid the use of drugs that can inhibit the functioning of the central nervous system, as well as alcohol.
The dosage of the drug depends on the age of the patient, as well as on the purpose of the procedure. General anesthesia is carried out by titrimetry, that is, the drug is administered in small doses until anesthetic signs appear. Shown:
- Adult patients are given 4 milliliters of solution every ten seconds, waiting for a clinical response.
- Patients (after sixty years) are given the lowest dosage - they are allowed to use 2 milliliters in ten seconds.
- For children, the concentration of the active ingredient is selected taking into account weight and age (they are injected from 2.5 to 4 milligrams per kilogram of body weight).
Diprivan anesthesia is used for children in dentistry. The drug is administered intravenously. Anesthesia begins to act after one minute, and its effect lasts a maximum of an hour. The child comes to consciousness easily.
You can reduce the dosage for pain relief by reducing the rate of infusion of the drug. Maintenance of the anesthetic effect occurs with the help of continuous or repeated use of Diprivan. During an injection, an adult patient is regularly given 4-12 milligrams of the drug per hour.
The introduction of the patient into a sedative state with intensive care requires continuous infusion. In adults, deep sedation can be achieved by dripping 0.4 mg of the active ingredient per 1 kg of weight per hour. Elderly people should carefully adjust the introduction downward. For children and adolescents, this procedure is completely contraindicated.
Medical anesthesia of the patient while maintaining it in consciousness, when it is necessary to conduct some diagnostics or surgical interventions, is achieved by intravenous infusion of 2-4.5 milligrams per kilogram of weight per hour. To achieve a faster effect, the medicine is injected (10-20 milligrams).
The dosage scheme is selected for each patient individually. This takes into account his individual characteristics, as well as the general state of health.
Adverse Reactions
Adverse reactions directly during the anesthesia procedure are rare. According to reviews of Diprivan anesthesia, the consequences for the human body can be as follows:
- Lowering blood pressure.
- Apnea.
- Erythema.
- Angioneurotic edema.
- Bronchospasm.
- Acidosis.
- Hyperlipidemia.
- Angioneurotic edema.
- Nausea.
- Vomiting
- Pain in the head on waking.
- Cramps.
- Involuntary movements.
- Loss of consciousness after the procedure.
- Pulmonary edema.
- Thrombosis.
- Kidney problems.
- Lightening urine.
- Muscle pain.
- Arrhythmia.
- Bradycardia
- Withdrawal syndrome.
- Pain and swelling at the injection site.
- Tissue necrosis.
- Pancreatitis
- Sexual dysfunction
- Postoperative fever.
If you abuse the drug, drug dependence may appear. Cases of drug poisoning are also known. If a person accidentally entered too high a dosage of "Diprivan", then he has depressed breathing, a violation of the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system.
Is Diprivan anesthesia dangerous or not? This question can be answered by a doctor who will allow the use of the drug as anesthesia. As a rule, the medicine is well tolerated by patients, so you should not worry.
Analogs
If you need to replace "Diprivan", then begin the search for its generics. The most popular of them:
- Propofol is considered a structural substitute for Diprivan. It is produced by various pharmaceutical companies that add a second word to the name.
- "Recofol" contains propofol, produced in the form of an emulsion. Country of origin - Finland.
- "Foul." It has a similar composition and effect. It is made in Korea.
Opinions
Reviews of anesthesia "Diprivan" are usually positive. People who were under anesthesia at different times using this drug and other anesthetic medicines compare their feelings and choose Diprivan.
The drug promotes a quick exit from anesthesia, and it also has practically no negative reactions in the form of migraine, confusion, postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Most patients who have received anesthesia with this medicine at least once are completely satisfied with its effect and the absence of any negative effect.
There are reviews of Diprivan anesthesia for patients who have been under various types of anesthesia more than once in their lives, also noting the remarkable effect of the medication and its good tolerance. Among anesthetists, Diprivan, as a rule, also receives a positive assessment.
Anesthesia should be carried out only in a medical institution, which is equipped with all the necessary equipment for this and has all the means to provide possible emergency care.