Muscle tissue provides motor reactions in the body. This is due to its ability to excite and contract. According to the type of structure, it is smooth, striated, skeletal and cardiac.
The structure of smooth muscle tissue includes mononuclear cells (spindle-shaped myocytes). Their length is from twenty to five hundred microns. This muscle tissue is characterized by the ability to slowly contract and relax. Her activity is involuntary. It is included in the walls of the lymphatic and blood vessels, as well as the digestive tract and urinary tract.
Skeletal striated muscle tissue consists of multinuclear (up to one hundred or more nuclei) myocytes of large (several centimeters) length and diameter of the order of one micron. Its microscopic structure is an alternation of light and dark stripes. This fabric has a high rate of relaxation and contraction. It is included in the muscles of the skeleton, pharyngeal wall and in the upper part of the esophagus. Its activity is arbitrary (controlled by man).
Cardiac striated muscle tissue consists of multinucleated cells (cardiomyocytes). They form a branched structure with compounds (insertion disks), where their cytoplasm combines. This tissue forms the cardiac myocardium. Its main properties include the ability to relax and contract rhythmically under the influence of excitation that occurs in cells. Her activity is not controlled by man (involuntary).
Soft tissue damage can be open (wound) or closed. By the type of occurrence, compression, tears, sprains, and bruises are distinguished. In winter, as a rule, closed injuries are observed. This is due to a large number of falls. With closed damage, the skin of the site of the pathological focus is able to maintain integrity. This, in turn, prevents the penetration of microorganisms into the affected area and the development of purulent (in some cases, acute) infections.
The cause of the bruise is the quick and short-term action of a blunt nature on any area of the body. In this case, a blunt object strike or a blow against it can serve as the mechanism of this injury.
The reason for the stretching of the tissue is the impact on it of two forces directed in opposite directions from it. In this case, there is no violation of its anatomical continuity. As a rule, the ligamentous apparatus in the area of the joints is highly susceptible to stretching.
With strong stretching of the fabric, it ruptures. In this case, a violation of its anatomical continuity is observed.
Compression syndrome is defined as a pathologically serious condition. The reason for its occurrence is closed damage to fairly extensive areas of soft tissues under the influence of a large mechanical force, acting, in some cases, for a long time. The nature of the injuries may vary.
Soft tissue necrosis occurs in cases of disruption or cessation of their nutrition, due to compression or damage to the supply vessels. As a rule, its detection and determination of its boundaries is possible directly on the site of the skin wound. Violation or cessation of tissue nutrition in the area of the wound edge may result from an improperly performed incision, severe skin damage, or technically improper suturing.
Necrosis during the first days of healing takes the form of pale or bluish parts of the skin. Gradually, their color becomes brown. Skin necrosis should be kept dry. They should not be prematurely removed completely, as they serve as a sterile dressing. If wet necrosis occurs, they must be removed immediately to avoid the formation of deep purulent accumulations.