As a rule, nosebleeds are not an independent disease, but only a sign of many diseases of the nasal cavity and the whole organism as a whole. People who are more prone to nosebleeds are those after 50 and children under 10.
Causes
There are many reasons that cause nosebleeds. The most common is the weakness of the vascular system of the nose. It is enough for many to just blow their nose or wipe their nose to cause bleeding. Also, this phenomenon is familiar to those people who have high blood pressure. A perfectly healthy person may experience nosebleeds during sudden surges in atmospheric pressure. Also a no less popular cause of bleeding is some kind of nose injury.
Factors that trigger bleeding are divided into local and systemic.
Local:
- swelling of the nose;
- taking drugs by inhalation through the nose;
- bruised or injured nose (in children as a result of picking a finger in the nose);
- infectious and inflammatory diseases (rhinitis, acute respiratory viral infections, etc.);
- dry air; 4
- pathology of the vessels of the nose;
- the use of nasal sprays;
- operations on the nasal cavity;
- the presence of a foreign body in the nose (most common in children).
System:
- cold;
- blood diseases;
- heavy physical activity;
- overheating or sunstroke ;
- liver disease
- alcohol intake
- heart failure;
- negative reaction to drugs;
- high vascular permeability, which is caused by severe infections or hereditary factors;
- profession associated with sudden changes in barometric pressure;
- epistaxis during pregnancy occurs due to hormonal disorders.
As a rule, nosebleeds begin immediately after a head or nose injury . In almost all cases, it stops spontaneously. If bleeding is caused by the above diseases, then it can last for a considerable period of time, which leads to acute (in a single case) and chronic (with repeated bleeding) anemia.
Epistaxis: treatment
If the bleeding is minor, it is necessary to press the wing of the nose to the septum with your finger, while first introducing the ball from the bandage into the bleeding nostril (it is advisable not to use cotton wool, because it is very difficult to remove) soaked in hydrogen peroxide. It is also advisable to apply cold minutes to the back of the head or nose, then take a break (of the same duration) and repeat the procedure until
the bleeding stops completely
. But it is worth considering that contrary to all the advice and recommendations of many too “smart” people, throwing your head back is strictly prohibited, since all the blood will gradually and imperceptibly flow down the walls of the pharynx.
If nose bleeding does not stop when all of the above measures are taken, and symptoms of vomiting with blood or hemoptysis are observed, you should immediately call an ambulance. Indeed, with such blood loss, the amount of bleeding increases very quickly, and this can already serve as a threat to human life.