The transmission of gonorrhea infection is genital. This is a disease that affects the mucous membranes of the genitourinary organs. The disease develops due to the ingestion of the pathogenic organism of gonococcus.
Causes
Factors contributing to the development of the disease are directly related to the transmission of gonorrhea:
- Entering into an intimate relationship without the use of contraception.
- One of the main reasons for the development of the disease is a violation of the rules of safe sex.
- It is the use of condoms that can protect the genitals from getting the causative agents of sexually transmitted diseases.
- Promiscuous sexual intercourse.
- Infection through household items.
- Due to a violation of personal hygiene rules, the carrier of the infection infects a perfectly healthy person using his household items: towel, washcloth, underwear.
Intrauterine causes
The baby, developing during the period of intrauterine gestation, becomes infected with the virus, passing through the birth canal of a woman. This transmission route carries a huge danger to the child, as the mucous membranes of the eyes and genitals of the infant are affected. Moreover, this pathology is one of the reasons for the development of blindness. For treatment of gonorrhea, you should consult a doctor to determine the treatment method and prescribe the necessary drugs.
Symptoms
From how long the disease lasts, you can distinguish a fresh disease (with the appearance of gonorrhea of two months). Fresh disease can occur in an acute form, subacute, slightly symptomatic form. There are gonorrhoeae, which are not formally visible, although the causative agent of the disease is in the body itself. At the moment, the disease does not always present a typical clinical picture, since mixed infections (trichomonads, chlamydia) often appear, which can alter symptoms, prolong incubation periods, and interfere with the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. There are many asymptomatic and asymptomatic types of the disease.
The classic manifestation of acute forms of the disease in a woman:
- purulent and serous-purulent vaginal discharge;
- hyperemia, swelling and ulceration of the mucous membrane;
- frequent and painful urination, itching, burning;
- intermenstrual bleeding;
- pain in the lower abdomen.
More than half of such moments in a woman pass either imperceptibly, or not at all. In this case, a late visit to a specialist is fraught with the appearance of ascending inflammatory processes, the disease can affect the uterus, fallopian tube, ovary, peritoneum.
How is gonorrhea transmitted?
Routes of transmission are through sexual relations. If we talk about the likely infection of gonorrhea, then experts suggest that traditional, that is, vaginal contact, or anal intimate relationships is most dangerous. You can get the disease during oral sex, but the probable transmission of the disease in this case is very low than with other types of sexual relations.
In some cases, transmission of gonorrhea by domestic means is possible. But this is rare, since the pathogen does not live long in an open environment.
According to statistics, the probable infection of gonorrhea with a single rapprochement without using a condom with a sick person is approximately 50%. A man becomes infected from a sick partner much less than a woman. This can be explained by the fact that a large number of gonococci does not fall into the narrow openings of the urethra, or, getting in, can be thrown out or washed out with urine. Therefore, it is very important for a man to visit the toilet after close relationships.
Diagnostics
Laboratory diagnosis, which helps to determine the presence of gonorrhea in a person, consists of a whole complex of studies. First of all, you need to determine the route of transmission of gonorrhea, syphilis and other possible genital infections. Initially, a smear is taken for the presence of diseases in a person that can be sexually transmitted. This makes it possible to determine the type of pathogen gonorrhea. This is the fastest analysis, after which you can immediately begin treatment.
No less frequently used diagnostic method is called bacteriological culture - the material taken from the patient is placed in a special nutrient medium. This is an almost accurate result, but this analysis takes about a week to complete.
An advanced method is molecular diagnostics (polymerase chain reaction, ligase-chain reaction, molecular hybridization). PCR at the genetic level determines gonococcus. The method has a great accuracy of 98-99% and is effective for the detection of gonococcal conjunctivitis and chronic gonorrhea.
Given the variety of common infections transmitted through the sexual transmission and similar signs of similar diseases, STDs should be carefully distinguished.
Differential diagnosis of gonorrhea needs to be done with other STDs that are similar in the medical picture. These are diseases caused by pathogenic (trichomoniasis, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis) or relatively pathogenic (thrush) flora, as well as viruses (for example, the herpes simplex virus).
Drug treatment
Gonorrhea requires timely prompt treatment. When diagnosed in the initial stages, therapy is quick and effective. Nevertheless, even with a pathological and severe course of the disease, drug treatment can get rid of gonorrhea. The appointment of a course of treatment is performed by a specialist, based on the results of studies and the dynamics of the course of the disease. Self-medication is not allowed for gonorrhea, because it is ineffective and can lead to the development of complications. Antibacterial drugs of the following groups are used.
Groups of drugs for the treatment of gonorrhea
Penicillins. Specifically, one drug from this group is Amoxicillin, which has a broad effect. The dosage in the treatment of gonorrhea is 3 g. In severe cases, the dosage increases, but not more than up to 5 g. Therapy is carried out for 10 days.
Tetracyclines:
- Tetracycline. The drug requires taking 5 times a day, with a dosage of 0.3 g at the start of therapy and lowering to 0.2 g. In the acute course of the disease, the dose is 5 g, in case of emergency, increases to 10 mg.
- "Metacycline." It is taken 4 times a day, in a dosage of 0.6 g at the beginning of therapy, with a dose reduction to 0.3 g. In severe cases, the dose increases and is 4.8 g.
Sulfonamides. In case of allergic reactions and intolerance to the above drugs, therapy is prescribed by means of this group.
- "Sulfonomethoxin." 1.5 g should be taken three times a day, followed by a reduction in dosage to 1 g. During therapy, the amount of the drug consumed by the patient should not exceed 15 g, except in cases of severe illness, then the allowable dose is 18 g.
- "Biseptolum". A tool that has a combined effect, because it contains two active substances at once. The dose is 1 tab. 4 times a day. The duration of the required course is 4 days.
Alternative treatment
Since the main route of transmission of gonorrhea in women is sexual, recipes are often used:
- Burdock with gonorrhea. A decoction prepared from burdock root enhances the effect that medications have in the treatment of gonorrhea. The broth is prepared from crushed burdock root, 2 tablespoons per 2 cups of boiling water are enough. For half an hour, these ingredients should be boiled in a steam bath. Next, the finished broth must be cooled and consumed in 3 tablespoons every hour. The course of treatment is 7-14 days.
- Herbal treatments for gonorrhea. The following recipe is used to treat the disease with healing herbs. A mixture of dandelion roots, birch leaves and juniper fruits is taken. It is necessary to grind all the ingredients and pour boiling water at the rate of 3 tablespoons of the mixture into a glass of water. The infusion will be ready after 30 minutes. It is only necessary to strain it and apply 1 tablespoon before eating food.
- Ginseng tincture for gonorrhea. This tool is effective in treating the disease in men. For therapy should use 3-5 drops of tincture, which can be freely bought at any pharmacy.
Dill for gonorrhea
Douching using a decoction of dill is an excellent method in the fight against gonorrhea at home in women. To prepare the broth, you need several branches of dill, which are filled with 2 glasses of water and boiled for 15 minutes in a steam bath. After the resulting broth cools down to body temperature (about 37 ° C), it is necessary to strain it and fill it with a syringe or syringe without a needle. Douching should be performed after waking up and before going to bed.