Today we propose to discuss with you the principles of a diet for urolithiasis. But first, let's figure out what kind of disease. In medical circles, this disease is called urolithiasis. It is very important to note that the disease is quite serious, it is associated with metabolic disorders.
There are a lot of signs of the disease, but the most characteristic of them is the formation of calculi (in other words, stones). They can form in any organs of the urinary system (kidneys, bladder, ureter, urethra).
What is the provocateur of the formation of stones? First of all, the increased acidity of urine. But it does not arise from scratch. Urine acidity increases with poor nutrition (if you eat a lot of spicy, salty, fried, drink a lot of water with calcium salts). That's why doctors recommend strictly following the prescribed diet, but do not forget about drug therapy. You can read about the benefits of a diet for urolithiasis in the first section of our article. In addition, examples of menus for specific cases will be given below.
Why do I need a diet?
Diet is extremely important for the patient, in addition, it is worth sticking to your whole life (if stones have been detected at least once) in order to prevent relapse. A diet for urolithiasis reduces the number of factors that lead to the formation of stones.
Do not be afraid of the very word "diet", this is not a sentence. Let us turn to the roots of the formation of this term. If translated from Greek, then diet is a way of life. Compliance with this diet does not mean that you can’t take harmful products into your mouth anymore! You can eat everything in moderation, but not abuse it.
As mentioned earlier, the main indicator of the disease is the appearance of stones in the urinary system (that is, solid formations). They have their own classification. It is customary to distinguish three groups of calculi. Based on this indicator, the doctor will prescribe a diet for you. For example, when it comes to phosphate stones, it is worth implying that it is necessary to take foods rich in acids, that is, to smooth the alkaline environment. We observe the opposite phenomenon during the formation of oxalates or urates, which are formed in an acidic medium. These formations are harder, and the diet will be aimed at alkalizing the acidic environment.
Diet principles
Now briefly about what rules the diet for urolithiasis is based on. These include:
- restriction on food products that contribute to the formation of sediments and stones in the urinary tract;
- correction of the reaction of urine to resolve the precipitation of salts;
- heavy drinking, which contributes to the elimination of rainfall
Treatment of urolithiasis with the diet that we are talking about in this article is prescribed to patients to provide sparing nutrition relative to the kidneys. Foods that are allowed to be consumed excrete metabolic products.
From the diet should be eliminated:
- purines;
- oxalic acid;
- salt.
For a faster result, you need to consume more fluids and foods that lead to alkalization (we are talking about vegetables and dairy products).
It is not necessary to completely eliminate, but to limit the intake of proteins and fats. It is recommended to boil meat, poultry and fish. The thing is that during cooking, the bulk of the purines harmful in this case remain in the broth. Thus, you can not eat broths (both fish and meat).
Only after cooking can fish, poultry or meat be used in the preparation of various dishes. You can fry, stew and bake them. Consider combining meat and fish together (it turns out quite hearty and tasty). The amount of meat at one time should not exceed one hundred and fifty grams, and fish - one hundred and seventy. Dishes containing these products can be added to the diet no more than three times a week.
It’s worth eating five times a day. But it is recommended to replace the usual afternoon snack with a rosehip broth.
What can be eaten and what is not worth it
For your convenience, this section will contain only one table that will tell you about allowed and prohibited products.
| Products | Allowed | Forbidden |
| Flour products and bread | Wheat or rye bread. Baking from the first and second grade wheat and rye flour | Butter dough |
| Soup | Vegetarian options: borsch, cabbage soup, vegetable soup, cereal soup , cold varieties of vegetarian soups, fruit milk | Soup prepared on the basis of broth (meat, fish, mushroom or poultry). Additives in the soup: sorrel, spinach, legumes |
| Meat, poultry and fish | Meat, poultry - 150 grams (one serving), fish - 170 grams (one serving). Before cooking, be sure to boil. Perhaps the combination of fish and meat in equal quantities | Sausage, kidneys, liver, brain, tongue, smoked meats, canned fish and meat, caviar, salted fish |
| Dairy products | Milk, dairy products, sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese. | Salted cheese |
| Eggs | Method of preparation - any, quantity - 1 piece per day, options - chicken and quail |
| Groats | All cereals in moderation | Legumes |
| Vegetables | Raw and cooked options in larger quantities | Mushrooms, legumes, spinach, rhubarb, sorrel, cauliflower, purslane, salted and pickled vegetables |
| Snacks | Salads of vegetables (fresh, pickled), fruits, squash and eggplant caviar | Salinity, smoked meats, canned food, fish caviar |
| Sweets | Fruits and berries, dried fruits, milk cream, jelly, marmalade, candy, chocolate-free sweets, jam, honey | Chocolate, figs, raspberries, cranberries, lingonberries |
| Spices, sauces | Sauces on vegetable broths, tomato, sour cream, milk. Citric acid, vanillin, cinnamon, bay leaf, dill, parsley | Sauces based on broth (poultry, fish, meat, mushrooms). Pepper, mustard, horseradish |
| The drinks | Lemon tea, milk, weak coffee with milk, fruit and vegetable juices, fruit drink, water with juice, kvass, a rosehip broth, wheat bran or dried fruit | Cocoa, strong tea and coffee. |
Different types of stones
The diet for kidney stones can vary slightly based on the type of stones. We will consider the classification according to the content of elements. So all the stones are usually divided into 4 groups:
- phosphates and oxalates (inorganic salts, the most common form);
- infectious magnesium (formed as a result of deviations in the functioning of the urinary tract, infection gets into excess fluid);
- urate (excessive excretion of uric acid, disruption of the digestive system);
- cystine and xanthine (extremely rare, and the cause of their appearance is pathology, genetic disorders or heredity).
Oxalate stones
The following foods should not be included in the diet menu for urolithiasis:
- smoked meats;
- canned food;
- jelly;
- broths;
- offal;
- roast potatoes;
- citrus;
- radish;
- Brussels sprouts and red cabbage;
- beet;
- asparagus;
- parsley;
- peppers
- rhubarb;
- leaf salad;
- sorrel;
- Beans
- celery;
- Red Ribes;
- gooseberry;
- plum;
- cranberry;
- coffee;
- kvass;
- cocoa;
- juice from tomatoes.
Allowed Products:
- cabbage (cauliflower, white);
- soups (fruit, vegetable);
- bread;
- boiled fish and meat;
- juices (berry, fruit);
- fruits;
- berries;
- watermelon;
- boiled potatoes;
- cucumber;
- turnip.
Permitted Herbs:
- immortelle;
- barberry;
- black elderberry;
- lingonberry leaves;
- heather;
- clover;
- motherwort;
- peppermint;
- hernia and so on.
Sample menu for 1 day with oxalate stones
What kind of diet for urolithiasis (oxalate stones) is necessary, we figured out. Now we move on to preparing a sample menu for the day. There should be five meals in total:
- two breakfasts;
- dinner;
- dinner;
- afternoon tea.
First breakfast. Cottage cheese (preferably home-made) with sour cream and sugar, a decoction of leaves of currant (preferably black).
Lunch. Tea (brew weakly), one baked apple.
Dinner. Lenten soup with vegetable broth, boiled chicken with milk sauce, rice and compote (preferably dried fruit).
Dinner. Boiled fish, boiled potatoes (you can mashed potatoes), cheesecake, weak tea.
An afternoon snack. Kefir or broth from rose hips.
Urate stones
The diet for urolithiasis in men and women is practically the same, the recommendations of the attending physician are the same for everyone. With urate stones, there is the following list of prohibited foods:
- canned food;
- offal;
- salinity
- smoked meats;
- spices;
- broths (except vegetable);
- jelly;
- pate;
- liverwurst;
- Brussels sprouts;
- soybeans;
- beans;
- sorrel;
- spinach;
- asparagus;
- celery;
- cauliflower;
- grapefruit.
Recommended for use:
- bread;
- eggs
- groats;
- pasta;
- curd products;
- Cheeses
- dairy and dairy products;
- oil;
- berries;
- fruits;
- greens;
- cucumber;
- pumpkin;
- carrot;
- White cabbage;
- lemon.
To quickly remove stones, you need to drink plenty of fluids (up to three liters).
Sample menu for 1 day with urate stones
In men, the diet menu for urolithiasis (urate stones) is approximately as follows:
- breakfast No. 1 - vegetable salad, boiled egg, tea;
- breakfast No. 2 - a decoction made from rose hips;
- lunch - lean borsch, fried meatballs (meat must be boiled before scrolling), boiled potatoes, jelly;
- dinner - lazy dumplings with sour cream, tea;
- afternoon snack - kefir.
Phosphate stones
Now about the diet with exacerbation of urolithiasis (phosphate stones). Pay attention to products that increase the acidity of urine:
- meat;
- fish;
- bird;
- eggs
- flour products;
- cereals;
- bread (with the exception of buns);
- soup (on a weak broth);
- pasta;
- legumes;
- asparagus;
- mushrooms;
- herring;
- caviar;
- tea;
- coffee;
- cocoa;
- rosehip broth;
- lingonberry.
Limit, but not completely exclude from the diet:
- vegetable, fruit dishes;
- berries;
- dairy and dairy products;
- butter (butter and vegetable).
Exclude completely:
Sample menu for 1 day with phosphate stones
An approximate diet menu for urolithiasis in women and men (phosphate stones):
- before the first breakfast - a decoction made from rose hips;
- first breakfast - porridge (oatmeal, buckwheat, rice and so on), soaked herring, tea;
- second breakfast - wheat bran;
- lunch - chicken broth soup, rice, fried chicken, jelly;
- dinner - omelet, green peas, fried fish, tea;
- afternoon tea - broth of wild rose.
Mineral water
The therapeutic diet for urolithiasis includes compulsory heavy drinking. If you have kidney stones, your doctor will probably advise you to use mineral water.
For various stones, its various types are used:
- uric acid diuresis - "Essentuki" No. 4, 17, "Borjomi";
- oxalate stones - "Essentuki" No. 20, "Sairme";
- phosphate stones - "Narzan", "Arzni".
Yes, and ordinary water contributes to an increase in urine output, so stones are washed with urine or moved into the bladder. In addition, studies have shown that other liquids contribute to the washing out of stones, since they are 99% water:
- decoctions;
- tea;
- the juice;
- compote and so on.
Alcohol
As for the diet for urolithiasis in men and women, it is worth paying attention to the use of alcoholic beverages. There is a myth that alcohol promotes the formation of stones. Allegedly, dehydration occurs, the result of which is urolithiasis. Most of all, this myth affected beer and white wine. Studies were conducted that found that these drinks act in the opposite way, that is, they reduce the risk of the disease. But do not immediately grab hold of a glass, because alcoholic drinks carry a number of other health hazards.