Dislocation refers to damage in which the bones are shifted to a different position. If we consider the prevalence of this disease, then out of 100% of cases it occurs in 2%.
In this case, there are several varieties of dislocation of the leg in the area of the foot. At the moment, medicine does not distinguish the risk group of people by age, gender or by profession. Men and women of various specialties have equal chances of getting a similar injury.
Bone structure
Due to the large number of bones in the foot, there are several varieties of such an injury. There are 26 solid organs in the described part of the leg. Therefore, there is a high probability of injury to them. Consider the bones that make up this part of the body.
Fingers are made of phalanges. Most often, dislocations occur precisely with them. There are also metatarsals and tarsal bones. The latter is considered the largest in the foot.
In addition to bones, a person has muscles, ligaments, nerves, blood vessels, and tendons. That is why if the patient is diagnosed with dislocation of the leg (foot), then a comprehensive examination should be carried out. After all, it can provoke other additional violations.
Causes
Most often, a dislocation occurs due to a mechanical effect that affects the bones. For example, if a person tucked his leg in, then such a violation may appear.
It should be noted that people who are overweight, a special love for high shoes, as well as violations of the ligamentous apparatus or musculoskeletal system, most often get dislocated feet. It should also be noted that wrestlers and people involved in extreme sports often suffer from problems with this part of the body.
Types of dislocations
Dislocations are divided into three types. There are congenital, pathological and traumatic. If we talk about the first type, they occur in the fetus, which is located in the womb or sometimes at birth. Pathological ones arise due to primary diseases, which include tuberculosis and so on.
Traumatic are divided into subspecies. One of them was called "familiar." Often, a similar dislocation of the foot occurs in a person in everyday situations, for example, when taking a shower or while cooking. Most often, this degree of violation is considered mild. Therefore, the bone can be easily adjusted independently.
If to classify dislocations according to the localization of the problem, then the following list should be made. Injuries are:
- The talus.
- Phalanx.
- Ankle joint. Most often, this happens when folding the foot. Sometimes it can provoke a blow.
- Subtalan. It is a fairly rare occurrence and mainly occurs during fractures. It is difficult to treat it, because it affects the nutrition of tissues, slowing down the process of their regeneration.
- In Shopar's joint. This dislocation also occurs with a fracture of the tarsal bones. Meet it in practice is unrealistic. Among the reasons should be noted the impact of heavy objects.
- In the joint is lysfranc. This dislocation is also quite rare, does not occur on its own, as it always accompanies fractures.
If we talk about the classification of dislocations of the foot by the displacement of the bones, then both complete and incomplete are distinguished. There are also open, in which wounds are formed, and closed. The first type is quite dangerous in that infection can occur. In this case, the treatment will be long.
Manifestations
Depending on the type of foot dislocation, the symptoms will vary. Each species corresponds to characteristic manifestations that should be paid attention to after limb damage.
- If a person has an ankle dislocation, then he has very severe pain, the foot is deformed, and there will also be a problem with movement. The same manifestations are characteristic of subtalar dislocation.
- The tarsal section during injury notifies of damage due to the severe inactivity of the foot, as well as sharp pain. Dislocation in this bone leads to the fact that the leg noticeably swells. Often it can acquire a blue tint.
- If there is a dislocation of the phalanx, then the bone begins to swell, it hurts a lot, the foot is deformed, and, accordingly, walking is very difficult.
Dislocation and sprain
What to do with a dislocation of the foot in the area of the foot? First of all, it is necessary to understand whether there is tension. It is a violation in which there is a rupture of ligaments. They can be damaged either minimally, while the person will have a slight soreness and slight swelling of the leg, or completely. In this case, there will be a hematoma, severe edema, and so on. That is why dislocation differs from stretching quite strongly. In the first case, the bone tissue remains in good condition. However, it should be noted that with a dislocation, you can easily pull the muscle. That is why it is necessary to select treatment methods as accurately as possible.
In principle, the symptoms of such disorders are the same. The only thing - with a dislocation, a deformation of the foot appears, which is very noticeable, and tissue damage, if the wound is open. When stretched, there are no such manifestations.
First aid for dislocation
So what to do with a dislocation of the foot? It is very important to provide assistance in order to prevent the development of complications.
- First you need to fix the leg so that it does not move. It is not worth it to independently correct the dislocation. It is because of this that often tendon ruptures or large fractures appear in patients.
- It is imperative to take pain medication.
- It is advisable to apply something cold to the damaged area. It can be ice or, if a person is on the street, snow. Due to the effect of the cold, the pain sensation will decrease, and the swelling that appears will be minimal.
- In conclusion, you need to call an ambulance or ask someone to take to the emergency room.
Closed Dislocation Treatment
It should be noted that treatment of foot dislocation begins only after an X-ray picture has already been received. It is thanks to him that one can understand the severity of the pathology. The future treatment depends on it.
If we are talking about a closed dislocation, then under the anesthesia the bone is set, and then a special plaster cast is applied. Thanks to her, a repeated displacement of hard tissues is unlikely. It prevents movement in the joint. Also, the doctor should prescribe analgesics or ointments that will help relieve pain and swelling.
Open Dislocation Treatment
If we are talking about the treatment of open dislocation, then under anesthesia an operation is performed. First, the surface is disinfected, the bone is repositioned. If there is a fracture, then reposition and stitch ligaments. Then cast from the cast.
As in the first case, analgesics are prescribed. Also, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics and antiseptics. The first means are necessary in order to protect the victim from the development of infection, if it has already entered the body. The second is necessary for the treatment of wounds.
Home Therapy
All doctors recommend treating themselves at home only after a preliminary examination and consultation. Be sure to dislocate the foot to do an x-ray. At least in order to understand what exactly to treat.
- It is recommended to use a compress of grated potatoes. Thanks to it, you can relieve swelling, as well as improve the tissue repair process.
- Baths with the addition of sea salt will also help cure dislocation. Feet must be kept in this liquid for 15 minutes several times a day. If there are bruises, a fracture, or an open wound, then this method is prohibited.
- You can draw an iodine grid. Thanks to her, hematomas will disappear in a short time, and swelling will also go away.
- Blue or white clay can relieve swelling, as well as rid a person of inflammation. Thanks to them, the tissue will recover much faster.
- Onion tincture with honey will help heal the skin and bring muscles back to normal.
- Lavender oil can act as an analgesic. It is necessary to smear them with areas that are damaged. Among the additional effect, it should be noted that this oil restores sleep.
Summary
If the patient was diagnosed with a dislocation, then it is necessary to be treated correctly. It is well-chosen therapy that allows you to eliminate such an injury in the shortest possible time.
If we are talking about a mild degree, then the symptoms and manifestations will go away in one to two weeks. With moderate severity, the healing process can take about a month. A severe degree is treated for more than 60 days. If therapy is ignored, chronic dislocation, arthritis, damage to nerve fibers, infection of the wound, if the injury is open, and thromboembolism can occur. That is why it is necessary to be as careful as possible and not to allow such damage.