The drug is considered a calcium antagonist, due to which it has a pharmacological effect. "Diltiazem" is used in cardiology to eliminate various heart diseases. Manufacturer "Diltiazem" - "Alkaloid AD" Republic of Macedonia.
Release form
The drug is available in tablet form for oral use. The main active ingredient is the substance of the same name. Its concentration in one tablet is 60 and 90 milligrams. "Diltiazem" is packaged in blisters of 10 pieces.
Pharmacological properties
The main component of the drug reduces calcium intake by blocking the calcium protein channels of its plasma membrane. Due to the spectrum of action, it has a number of pharmacological effects, which include:
- Antianginal effect - a decrease in the intensity of pain in the heart due to increased blood flow in its capillaries and a decrease in the need of the heart muscle for oxygen and nutrients.
- Due to the antiarrhythmic effect, the implementation of a nerve impulse through the atrioventricular node is reduced.
- Antihypertensive effect - the active substance lowers blood pressure by reducing the tone of the smooth muscles of blood vessels and expanding their lumen.
In addition, "Diltiazem" prolonged action affects the smooth muscles of the walls of hollow organs.
According to the instructions for use, it is known that after taking the drug, the orally active component is almost completely absorbed into the general bloodstream from the lumen of the small intestine. It is evenly distributed throughout all body tissues, enters the fetus during pregnancy and milk during lactation.
Indications for use of "Diltiazem"
The use of the drug is indicated for heart diseases, which include:
- An attack of angina pectoris (a clinical syndrome, which is a feeling of squeezing, burning and pain behind the chest).
- Hypertension (a pathological process of the cardiovascular system that develops as a result of a malfunction of higher centers of vascular regulation, as well as neurohumoral and renal mechanisms, and leading to arterial hypertension, functional and organic changes in the heart, central nervous system and kidneys).
- Diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina of the eyeball, which occurs as a result of general vascular damage in diabetes mellitus and is one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus).
- Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (a sharp increase in the number of heart contractions per unit of time, at which their rhythm remains correct).
- Atrial fibrillation or flutter (a type of tachycardia when the atria contract at a high rate - more than two hundred times per minute, but the contraction of the whole heart remains correct).
- Extrasystole (a variant of heart rhythm disturbance, characterized by extraordinary contractions of the whole heart or its individual parts).
In addition, "Diltiazem" can be used in the combined treatment of hypertension.
When can you not use the medicine?
Contraindications to "Diltiazem" include the following conditions:
- Individual intolerance.
- Arterial hypotension (a prolonged condition of the body, which is characterized by low blood pressure and various autonomic disorders).
- Chronic heart failure.
- Cardiogenic shock (extreme left ventricular failure, characterized by a sharp decrease in myocardial contractility).
- Severe sinus bradycardia (a type of arrhythmia in which the heart rate does not exceed 60 beats per minute).
- Weakness of the atrial region of the heart, generating an impulse and regulating normal cardiac activity.
- Paroxysms of atrial fibrillation (the most common and dangerous type of cardiac arrhythmias).
- Pregnancy.
- Laun-Ganong-Levin syndrome (a disease in which the ventricles of the heart are depolarized too early, which leads to their partial premature reduction).
- Breast-feeding.
With extreme caution, the drug is used by people with a failure to carry out a nerve impulse along the intraventricular conducting system, as well as in retirement and childhood. Before treatment, "Diltiazem" should make sure that there are no restrictions.
How to apply the medication?
According to the instructions for use with Diltiazem 90 mg, it is known that tablets are taken orally as a whole, without chewing and drinking with water.
The average pharmacological concentration of the drug is 30 milligrams three times a day.
If necessary, the dosage of "Diltiazem" can be increased, but it should not be more than 240 mg per day. The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor individually.
Side effects
According to the instructions for use, it is known that the use of a medicine can lead to negative reactions from various organs and systems:
- Dry mouth.
- Nausea.
- Vomiting.
- Unstable chair.
- Increased appetite.
- Arrhythmia (a violation of cardiac conduction, which leads to a malfunction of the normal functioning of the heart).
- Decreased blood pressure.
- Severe bradycardia (a symptom that accompanies many cardiological and some extracardiac diseases and is characterized by a decrease in heart rate less than 60 per minute).
- Tachycardia (a sharp increase in heart rate, a sign of serious disorders).
- Atrioventricular block up to cardiac arrest (a type of heart block, indicating a violation of the electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles).
- Thrombocytopenia (a condition characterized by a decrease in platelet count below 150⋅10 9 / L, which is accompanied by increased bleeding and problems with stopping bleeding).
- Migraine (the primary form of headache, the symptoms of which are periodic bouts of headache of medium and high intensity).
- Dizziness.
- Anxiety.
What other negative reactions can the drug cause?
According to the instructions for use, it is known that the side effects of "Diltiazem":
- Paresthesia (one of the types of sensitivity disorder, characterized by spontaneously arising sensations of burning, tingling, crawling ants).
- Depressive disorders.
- Ataxia (partial or complete loss of coordination of voluntary muscle movements).
- Parkinsonism (neurological syndrome, which is characterized by a number of symptoms: tremor, a steady increase in muscle tone, uniform muscle resistance in all phases of passive movement).
- Tremor of hands.
- Galactorrhea (a pathology associated with the secretion of milk or colostrum from the nipples, which has nothing to do with the process of breastfeeding a baby).
- Shuffling gait.
- Exudative erythema multiforme (acute inflammatory process relating to dermatological integuments and mucous membranes).
- Visual impairment.
- Hyperemia of the skin of the face.
- Hypercreatininemia (increase in blood creatinine).
- Rashes on the skin and itching.
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome (acute toxic-allergic disease, the main characteristic of which are rashes on the skin and mucous membranes).
- Asystole (one of the types of circulatory arrest, which is characterized by the cessation of contractions of different parts of the heart).
- Allergic arthritis (inflammatory benign joint damage, which appears as a reaction of the body to various antigens, and having a reversible nature of the lesion).
According to reviews of Diltiazem, it is known that the appearance of severe manifestations in the form of anaphylaxis has not been recorded for today.
When using high concentrations of the drug, pulmonary edema may appear, as well as peripheral soft tissue edema and weight gain.
Features
According to the instructions for use with "Diltiazem 90 mg" it is known that before treatment you need to carefully read the annotation to the medication. There are a number of indications that you need to pay attention to, they include:
- Sudden withdrawal of the drug can lead to an anginal attack in the form of angina pectoris and severe pressure pressing pain in the heart.
- You can not combine the medication with beta-blockers, since this can lead to an increase in the pharmacological effect and the appearance of side effects.
- "Diltiazem" interacts with a large number of drugs of other therapeutic groups, therefore, when using them, doctors should be warned about this.
- With special care use "Diltiazem" for kidney and liver disease in children and people of retirement age.
- You can not carry out work that involve increased attention.
In pharmacies, tablets are dispensed only by prescription from a medical specialist.
Analogs of "Diltiazem"
Generics are considered to be similar in their active component and pharmacological effect:
- Diazem.
- "Diacordin".
- Cardil.
- "Aldizem".
- Blockalcin.
- Dilren.
- Silden.
- Thiakem.
Before replacing Diltiazem with an analogue, it is recommended that you consult a doctor.
Interaction
The combination with Quinidine, as well as beta-blockers, cardiac glycosides and antiarrhythmic drugs is considered dangerous, as it provokes a decrease in contractility of the heart muscle, a slowdown in atrioventricular conduction, and excessive bradycardia.
According to the instructions for use, it is known that the drug "Diltiazem" can increase the bioavailability of "Propranolol". The drug increases the level of Cyclosporin, Digoxin. In relation to general pain medication, there is an increase in cardiac depressive effect. At what price can Diltiazem be purchased?
How to store the medicine?
The shelf life of the drug is 24 months from the date of manufacture. The drug should be kept in a dry, dark place.
The drug must be stored at an air temperature of not more than twenty-five degrees of heat. The price of "Diltiazem" varies from 70 to 300 rubles.
Opinions
Feedback on "Diltiazem" confirms its increased effectiveness when used in people who suffer from angina pectoris, as well as coronary heart disease, hypertension and various arrhythmias. But there are negative opinions about the drug associated with its side effects.
Reviews of "Diltiazem" indicate that the drug is actively used most often in cardiac pathology, where he has proven himself to be excellent. Patients report that the drug significantly improved their health.
According to the responses of medical specialists, the medicine is often used for prophylactic purposes to prevent heart attack and angina pectoris. The medication and its dosage must be prescribed by a doctor.
Reviews of "Diltiazem" indicate that in most situations it effectively reduces blood pressure and has a positive effect on the health status of people with diseases of the cardiovascular system.
People who commented on medical forums report that the drug causes adverse reactions, such as dry mouth, and nausea. But in general, reviews about the drug are positive.
At the same time, reviews of Diltiazem still indicate that the drug may not be suitable for all patients who suffer from hypertension. Therefore, it is initially necessary to consult with a specialist.