Breast adenosis is a disease that occurs only in the fair sex at the age of twenty - forty years. This is one of the distinguishing features of this ailment. In general, if we compare breast adenosis with other benign type mammary diseases , it is worth noting that with such a disease, a change occurs, first of all, of myoepithelium. Depending on the form of the disease in patients, its various clinical manifestations are observed . In addition, it must be said that when attaching microscopic foci of adenosis to another benign breast disease, nothing new is observed in the clinical picture of the underlying ailment. If we are talking about a disease called adenosis of the mammary gland of a tumor type, then here we need to talk about the appearance of a single unit, which is often mobile. This neoplasm in most cases does not reach a large diameter. The node itself consists of several shares. However, it often takes the form of a disk. Symptoms such as the growth of the nipple or the appearance of uncharacteristic discharge, with the disease in a woman is not observed. Above the knot itself, the skin does not change. As for the lymph nodes in this area, they, as a rule, retain their previous sizes.
Specialists distinguish two types of diseases called breast adenosis. If you look under a microscope, then in the first case, the neoplasm has a lobed structure. These shares are quite large. Each of them has a fibrous capsule. Myoepithelial cells in this case fill each gap between the special tubes. If picrofuxin is used, they will turn yellow. In addition, experts have noticed that myoepithelial cells have a positive cytoplasm. They are rich in a substance called chromatin and also have elongated nuclei. Adenosis of the second type is a neoplasm, the tissues of which do not have clear boundaries. Their shape in such a situation is often incorrect. In addition to all this, the foci of the disease are generally not similar to lobules, as occurs in the first case. Most often, they resemble strands and consist of a large number of tiny tubes of the epithelium.
In addition to all that was said above, one can distinguish many histological forms of this disease. For example, sclerosing adenosis, which is a neoplasm consisting of several ducts. They, in turn, are lined with a special cylindrical epithelium and form lobes. Each of the ducts is surrounded by hyperplastic myoepithelium. As for the internal content, papillomas and apocrine metaplasia are often found in the ducts. Tubular adenosis of the mammary gland is characterized by the presence of a huge number of tubes of the same size. They have an elongated shape. As for the ducts, microcalciphytes and the epithelium layer are often found in them. Another type of adenosis - adenomyepithelial, is considered a rare disease.
You can diagnose the disease using mammography. It is worth noting that with such a study, a large number of shadows that have an irregular shape can be seen in the picture. The borders of these shadows are fuzzy. It is these little parts that will correspond to the hyperplastic lobes of the mammary glands themselves.
If you are diagnosed with breast adenosis , treatment of the disease does not always involve surgery. In some cases, it is not required at all. However, many indicators matter here. In any case, only a specialist will be able to make the right decision about the treatment. An experienced mammologist will answer all questions of interest to the patient and prescribe the most suitable course.