First of all, you need to know that the nosebleed code for ICD-10 has R04.0. Relapse of the disease can be avoided by taking measures to eliminate the causes of its occurrence.
At what pressure is the blood from the nose the most dangerous? If a person has hypertension, blood pressure indicators should be monitored. If there are inflammatory or neoplastic diseases of the nasal cavity, doctors recommend a good surgical treatment and remove the inflammation. In case of impaired blood coagulation, it is necessary to consult a hematologist, determine the cause of the disease and eliminate it.
Low pressure
With low blood pressure, nosebleeds, the ICD-10 code of which is R04.0, does not occur very often. According to experts, this condition is caused by diseases that lead to a decrease in pressure. Feeling unwell, nosebleeds and low blood pressure can indicate the development of many diseases. There are many known factors that contribute to the emergence of blood from the nasal passage:
- Profuse loss of blood due to trauma to the nose.
- Hormonal disruptions - blood coagulation worsens, blood pressure rises.
- Pathological diseases of the heart system and myocardial damage.
- Peptic ulcer, tuberculosis, cirrhosis, hepatitis and other pathologies.
- Heart failure, in which there is a compression of the capillaries and hypoxia.
- Strong stress, prolonged stay in a stuffy room.
- Anemia, in which blood liquefies, its composition changes. In particular, this often manifests itself during pregnancy, as a result of a decrease in hemoglobin levels.
Bleeding from the nose often appears as a result of an allergic reaction: the mucous membrane of the nose swells, the vessels can rupture and pinch.
Inheritance also plays a large role in this situation: if any relative has this problem, then most likely it will arise constantly.
In fact, the blood that is secreted from the nose at low pressure does not pose any threat to human health, but with excessive bleeding this does not affect the functions of blood vessels, internal systems and organs in the best way.
High pressure
High blood pressure for the patient can be critical. Many people suffer from bleeding due to high pressure. This condition is provoked by such reasons:
- Constant stress.
- Excessive stress.
- Long stay of a person in the sun or in a stuffy room.
- Changes in atmospheric pressure.
- Sharp head movements provoke an increase in blood pressure.
- Hypertensive crisis leads to the fact that the patient may burst blood vessels.
But it is worth noting that blood from the nose at high pressure can also have positive qualities - the pressure decreases slightly, which improves overall well-being. The increased frequency of bleeding often causes atrophy of the nasal mucosa and the appearance of pathological changes.
Also, blood from the nose indicates a weakened state of the capillaries, which cannot withstand high blood pressure. In the old days, this type of bleeding helped lower blood pressure. Therefore, a person was lightly hit on the nose so that bleeding appeared, pressure decreased and hemorrhage did not occur.
Normal pressure
If blood comes from the nose, and the pressure is normal, then this can be accompanied by many reasons, the main of which are weak vessels. Separately, the types of bleeding should be indicated:
- minor bleeding (a condition in which a small amount of blood is released, passes quickly);
- moderate bleeding (a condition characterized by the release of up to 300 ml of blood and the presence of clinical manifestations);
- massive bleeding (more than 300 ml of blood is released, complications are possible);
Causes of Epistaxis
Endogenous and exogenous causes are distinguished. Endogenous include:
- thinning of the vascular mucosa;
- hormonal imbalance;
- blood diseases (anemia, hemophilia, leukemia);
- injuries and operations affecting the nasal cavity;
- somatic diseases;
- oncopathology (polyps, angioma, malignant neoplasms);
- the presence of a foreign body in the nasal cavity.
Endogenous causes include:
- prolonged use of vasoconstrictor drops;
- inhalation of dry air;
- poisoning with vapors of toxins;
- unstable atmospheric pressure;
- sneezing
- excessive physical activity;
- sunstroke;
- drug use.
First aid at normal pressure
In case of nosebleeds, it is important:
- take a sitting position with your head slightly tilted back;
- insert a cotton swab dipped in hydrogen peroxide into one or both nasal passages;
- apply a cold compress to the nose;
- with intense bleeding, cause SMP.
First aid
Regardless of the pressure indicators - whether it is low or high - the appearance of nosebleeds in a person must be stopped without fail! This is especially important for a person suffering from hypertension. In order to quickly get rid of the blood flow, it is necessary to study the rules of first aid in a similar state.
It is known that at low pressure, blood flows very rarely from the nose, but nevertheless, a person must initially measure the pulse and pressure indicators. The patient needs to calm down, open the window, loosen his clothes, if necessary, unfasten the collar and take a comfortable position, tilting his head down. So the heart will not beat at an increased pace, causing even more bleeding from the nose.
If the patient has lost consciousness, he has low blood pressure, so he needs to be given a drug to increase it. If blood flows as a result of hypertension, lower the pressure as soon as possible with the drugs prescribed by your doctor.
Additional methods
There are some other effective ways to stop bleeding from the nasal cavity:
- Any cold object and a heating pad on the legs are applied to the nose bridge region. The cold will narrow the vessels in the nose, and the heating pad will expand them in the legs, which will contribute to the outflow of blood from the head.
- If the blood pressure cannot be raised and the blood does not stop, you need to squeeze the wings of the nose with your fingers, holding for several minutes. You can also use a cotton swab, which will be soaked in a special hemostatic composition (in extreme cases, you can use hydrogen peroxide). It is placed as deep as possible in the nose, pinching a bleeding vessel.
- With heavy bleeding, 2 tsp is indicated. 5-10% solution of glycerophosphate or calcium gluconate, 2 tablets of a hemostatic agent (for example, "Vikasol"). Or you can apply 2 tsp. salted water.
When is an ambulance needed?
If after 20-30 minutes after the onset of bleeding, it does not stop, you should immediately call an ambulance and follow all the recommendations. Also, doctors should be invited in the following cases:
- A large amount of blood enters the throat, causing bloody vomiting.
- The appearance of a fainting or fainting state.
- The onset and intensification of concomitant symptoms: pallor of the skin, severe fatigue, a feeling of disorientation, headache and pain in the sternum.
- If the patient is taking anti-inflammatory drugs or anticoagulants.
- Frequent bleeding.
Often people throw their heads back, making a gross mistake - pressure can rise even more, increasing blood flow. Also, you can not blow your nose, as intact and recently fused vessels can be damaged. For prevention, it is recommended to use medications to strengthen blood vessels.
Prevention
Prevention of frequent nosebleeds will depend on the causes that cause them. To prevent repeated bleeding, you need to reduce the effect on blood vessels:
- Strengthen and train the vessels: take more vitamin C, apply douche, contrast showers and visit the bath.
- Maintain blood pressure at a normal level.
- Maintain normal humidity of the nasal mucosa: various oils and ointments, normal room humidity.
- Get rid of bad habits, especially smoking, as nicotine reduces the moisture level of the nasal mucosa and contributes to the risk of repeated bleeding.
- Increase blood coagulability through the use of vitamin K (found in leafy green vegetables, any cabbage, olive oil, walnuts, eggs, pork liver), calcium, certain protein foods (chicken broth, liver and cottage cheese).
- Do not perform excessive physical activity.
- Treat kidney, heart, and liver diseases.
- Do not overheat, do not get nervous, do not overwork, do not make sharp rises and inclinations.
- Do not consume blood thinning products: fatty fish, citrus fruits, garlic, green tea, olive oil, cocoa, cherries, raspberries, onions.
Vascular strengthening
To reduce the incidence of frequent nosebleeds and prevent them in the future, blood vessels should be strengthened:
- Rinse the nasal cavity with a weak salt solution: 0.5 tsp. non-iodized or sea salt should be dissolved in 1 tbsp. warm water.
- With the formation of crusts in the nose, they are treated with petroleum jelly, fish oil, oily vitamin A, peach, sea buckthorn oil and Kalanchoe oil. This will not allow the nasal mucosa to be damaged and at the same time will have an anti-inflammatory effect.
- Use special medications that will help strengthen the nasal vessels. Usually, for this purpose, the use of the drug "Ascorutin" is indicated, which contains a sufficient amount of vitamin C and rutin, which make the vessels strong.
- It is also worth paying attention to vitamin B, which is found in rose hips, currants, oranges and lemons. You can drink cranberry juice, which contains a lot of vitamin C. In addition, there is interferon in cranberries, which improves resistance to various infections.
- Temper: take a contrast shower, which will strengthen the walls of the capillaries - small vessels. You can also engage in moderate exercise, such as exercise, swimming and breathing exercises.
If the blood from the nose comes as a result of high blood pressure, you do not need to stop it right away, let at least a small amount come out. This will help prevent a person from having a stroke. After that, you need to perform hemostatic measures.