Due to the imbalance in the body's hormonal balance in men, hypertrophy of adipose tissue can occur, which leads to an increase in the mammary glands - rudimentary organs consisting of short ducts, glandular tissue, and nipple.
The functioning of these organs occurs in the presence of estrogen and prolactin. In the male body, the number of estrogens is extremely small, because these are female hormones, any excess of the liver immediately eliminates them. However, if for some reason the number of estrogens exceeds the norm, the male mammary glands begin to grow like the female ones, which leads to the appearance of gynecomastia in men.
But excess estrogen is not the only reason for this condition. If prolactin is produced by the pituitary gland in excessive quantities, adipose tissue is deposited in the mammary glands and connective tissue quickly grows. As a result, the mammary glands become denser and enlarge.
So, the causes of gynecomastia in men are:
- violation of the ratio in the body of testosterone and estrogens, which happens due to malfunctions in the functioning of the sex glands, tumors of the testicles, adrenal glands, and stomach;
- increased prolactin production due to pituitary tumor;
- metabolic diseases such as diabetes;
- taking medications that provoke an increase in the production of estrogen and prolactin.
Signs of pathology
An increase in the mammary glands in diameter is the main sign of gynecomastia in men. Along with this, the nipples and the surrounding areoles increase. Nipple discharge may be noticed , although this rarely happens. Perhaps a feeling of discomfort in the area of the mammary glands and an increase in the sensitivity of the nipples. If concomitant symptoms appear in the mammary glands along with the listed symptoms, spotting is observed, lymph nodes in the armpits are enlarged, a doctor should be visited immediately. After all, such signs can indicate not only gynecomastia in men, but also breast cancer.
Diagnostics
To accurately determine the presence of pathology, an external examination is not enough. Blood tests are performed to determine the amount of prolactin, testosterone, urea, creatinine and other substances and hormones in it. In addition, CT, ultrasound and other studies can be performed.
Gynecomastia in men: treatment
The treatment technique is selected depending on the causes of the pathological process. So, if gynecomastia is provoked by taking medications, they are simply canceled, and the condition normalizes by itself. If hormonal changes are associated with an increase in estrogen, prescribe medications that lower their level. In the case when it is not possible to get rid of the problem with medication alone, removal of gynecomastia in men may be recommended. The price of such a procedure is different in different clinics, and the operation itself is to eliminate excess tissue and fat in the area of the mammary glands.