Modern medicine makes extensive use of antibiotics to treat infections. With their appearance, they literally revolutionized medical practice. These are chemicals that can inhibit the death of bacteria and other pathogens. They differ in their toxicity and effect. They are used to treat not only people, but also animals. We will talk about one of these antibiotics below.
Release form and principle of action of the drug
The drug “Streptomycin sulfate ” is available in the form of a white powder without color and odor. It has a bitter taste. It is easy to dissolve. It is destroyed in solutions of alkalis and strong acids when heated. Available in bottles of 1 gram of powder, from which a solution for injection is prepared.
And now a few words about how it works and what effect it has on the body.
“Streptomycin sulfate” is a bacteriostatic and bactericidal drug. It is active against a large number of gram-negative and a certain number of gram-positive microorganisms, as well as against Koch's bacillus, which provokes tuberculosis. The tool is able to destroy streptococci and pneumococci. Does not affect bacteria that can do perfectly without oxygen. As well as some microorganisms that cause infectious and viral diseases.
The action of Streptomycin Sulfate is to kill bacteria. Some types of them very quickly get used to the drug and form stable forms. They then respond poorly to antibiotic therapy. Therefore, it is recommended that Streptomycin Sulfate be used for a short time. The active active substance fights well with microorganisms that are at rest, unlike antibiotics with the active substance penicillin.
Streptomycin inhibits enzyme biosynthesis, oxidative processes, and nucleic acid metabolism. The drug does not allow microorganisms to multiply, divide, violates their normal metabolism and contributes to morphological changes in their structure.
The drug is well absorbed by intramuscular injection. It is stored in the blood for up to 6-8 hours. It is excreted through the kidneys. When taking the drug inside, it is absorbed worse and excreted through the intestines. It is necessary to approach with caution in therapy if there are impaired renal function.
Who is assigned
The drug “Streptomycin sulfate” has a fairly wide use. It is prescribed to people, but it is also used to treat animals. What diseases can be treated with this medicine:
- Tuberculosis.
- Tuberculosis damage to other organs.
- Pneumonia.
- Meningitis.
- Urinary tract diseases.
- Purulent-inflammatory processes.
- Plague and tularemia.
- Brucellosis.
- Endocarditis.
For the treatment of many diseases, “Streptomycin sulfate” is used in combination with other drugs, for example:
- Chloramphenicol.
- "Tetracycline."
Which one will be additional to achieve the best therapeutic effect, the doctor must decide based on the specifics of the disease.
Who is not recommended therapy with this medicine
Available for the drug "Streptomycin sulfate" instructions for use indicate a number of contraindications for its use. They are as follows:
- Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.
- Hypersensitivity.
- Organic lesions of the auditory nerve.
- Hearing diseases.
- Severe forms of cardiovascular disease.
- Renal failure.
- Liver disease.
- Hematopoietic diseases.
- Systemic diseases, lupus erythematosus.
- Cerebrovascular accident.
- Myasthenia gravis
It should be noted that pregnant women and children are prescribed the drug only according to vital indicators.
How is Streptomycin Sulfate used?
Instructions for use describe the following rules and dosages of the drug.
It should be noted that Streptomycin sulfate is used in adults as injections, as well as aerosols, additionally in the tracheal cavity.
With intramuscular injection, the dose for adult patients is usually 0.5-1.0 grams. The daily rate should not exceed 2 grams. If the patient weighs less than 50 kilograms or is older than 60 years, the dosage should be at least 0.75 grams per day.
For children and adolescents, the amount of the drug is calculated depending on body weight. For 1 kg of weight, the dose should be 15-20 mg and not exceed 0.5 grams per day for children and 1 gram for adolescents.
A disease such as tuberculosis requires the introduction of a daily norm in one go. If the medicine is poorly tolerated, then the total amount is divided by half. Infections of non-tuberculosis origin are treated by administering a daily dose divided into 3-4 doses. Therapy lasts for 7-14 days.
In case of impaired renal function, the daily dose of the drug should be significantly reduced.
Preparation of injection
Very important information regarding Streptomycin Sulfate is how to breed it for all kinds of procedures.
For injection, the drug is dissolved in a liquid:
- Sterile water for injection.
- Saline solution.
- 0.25-0.5% solution of novocaine.
The proportion should be as follows: 1 gram of product per 4 ml of solvent.
Streptomycin sulfate injection solution is prepared immediately before use. It cannot be stored, nor can it be heated.
To introduce the drug into the tracheal cavity, the product is dissolved in the following ratio:
- 0.5-1.0 grams of the product in 5-7 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution or 0.5% novocaine solution.
It is prescribed up to 2-3 times a week, more procedures are not excluded.
To use the drug in the form of an aerosol:
- For adult patients, 0.5-1.0 grams of powder is diluted in 4-5 ml of saline. For warm-wet inhalation, 25-100 ml of solution is used.
- For children, the same dosage is used as for intramuscular administration.
The introduction of the drug into the tracheal cavity, which was formed as a result of tissue necrosis, is carried out using a powder blower. Heavily ground powder and installations of a 10% solution are used. The procedure should be carried out in a surgical hospital, under the supervision of a doctor, no more than 1 time per day, the dose should not exceed 1 g of the drug “Streptomycin sulfate”.
Animal treatment
It is worth noting that the drug "Streptomycin sulfate" for animals is very often an indispensable tool. Since it helps with various diseases, namely:
- Leptospirosis.
- Erysipelas of pigs.
- Bronchopneumonia.
- Mastitis.
- Wound and postpartum sepsis.
Contraindications for animals in many respects coincide with those for humans.
The drug is administered to animals intramuscularly. For injections of "Streptomycin sulfate" the recipe for the preparation of the solution is as follows:
- It is necessary to take 10 ml of water for the preparation of solutions for injection or sterile saline.
- The powder is diluted at the rate of 0.25 g of streptomycin per 1 ml of solvent (the total dose is determined based on body weight and age of the animal).
- The solution is prepared before use, it is unacceptable to store and heat it.
For the treatment of animals Streptomycin Sulfate is used for a week. The dose is administered intramuscularly at a twelve-hour interval.
When using the drug, it is possible to develop side effects in both humans and animals. Let's consider them further.
Side effects
When using the drug, the following adverse reactions may occur:
- A sharp increase in temperature.
- Allergic manifestations.
- Dermatitis.
- Dizziness.
- Headaches.
- Tachycardia.
- The appearance of protein or blood in the urine.
- Violation of the intestinal microflora.
- Diarrhea.
- The defeat of the cranial nerves.
- Deafness.
- General weakness.
It is necessary to observe the dosage of Streptomycin sulfate. The use of high doses can cause disruption of the vestibular apparatus. Symptoms of this phenomenon, as a rule, appear very early and are completely reversible after discontinuation of the drug. After a couple of months, they completely disappear.
Therefore, it is recommended that when using this drug, thermal and audiometric tests be performed to notice impaired vestibular function, as well as hearing problems. When working with Streptomycin Sulfate, the instructions should be studied in order to avoid unwanted reactions.
Interaction with other drugs
This drug should not be taken in conjunction with antibiotics, which have a damaging effect on the hearing organs. These include:
- Kanamycin.
- Florimiin
- "Ristomycin."
- Gentamicin.
- "Monomycin."
Nephrotoxic drugs, including aminoglycosides, Vancomycin, cephalosporins, possibly Furosemide, as well as Ethacrine acid, may increase the risk of aminoglycoside toxicity.
Cannot be used with skeletal muscle relaxants.
Something else to know about Streptomycin Sulfate. Its formula is such that it does not allow mixing with the penicillin series antibiotics.
Features of the use of the drug
It is important to adhere to all recommendations for the use of the drug. With prolonged contact with the active substance, dermatitis can develop.
Use of animal milk within 48 hours after treatment is not allowed. Slaughter can be done no earlier than a week after the last use of the drug.
Infants should be prescribed Streptomycin Sulfate only according to vital signs.
It is advisable not to drive and not to control devices that require increased attention and concentration during treatment with the drug.
It is forbidden to drink alcohol in the treatment of "Streptomycin sulfate."
Analogs
Not always in the pharmacy you can find the necessary medicine. However, it is permissible to use analogues or drugs that are in the same group. For Streptomycin Sulfate, the analogues are:
- "Streptomycin - KMP"
- "Streptomycin is a calcium chloride complex."
- Ampistrep
- "Endostrep."
- "Streptolin."
- "Stricin."
- "Strizolin".
- Strepsulfate.
- "Diplostrel".
Before taking an analogue of a drug, a doctor's consultation is necessary.
Reviews about the drug
The drug belongs to the group of antibiotics and has long been used to treat people and animals. It has long gained authority in the treatment of many diseases. Quite popular and effective in the treatment of tuberculosis.
A large number of good reviews receive the drug in the treatment of pets. They recover faster and get on their feet.
Currently, a large number of new antibiotics have appeared that do not cause such dangerous consequences as deafness or impaired vestibular function. Therefore, this drug is used less and less to treat people. However, there are many examples and reviews that speak about the effectiveness of this drug in the treatment of purulent-inflammatory processes and tuberculosis. And in order to avoid unwanted adverse reactions, it is necessary to carry out treatment strictly under the supervision of a doctor, observing the dosage and the rules for the preparation of solutions.