How should I use and in what conditions you can not prescribe the drug "Artikain"? Instructions for use and contraindications of this drug will be discussed later. Also in this article you will find information about the side effects of this medicine, its analogues and therapeutic features.
The produced form of the medication, its composition, description and packaging
What is the drug "Artikain"? Instructions for use, reviews report that this is an injectable clear solution, which may be colorless or may have a slightly yellowish tint.
The active ingredient of this tool is articaine hydrochloride. Also, the composition of the medicinal solution includes such auxiliary components as water d / and sodium chloride.
This medication goes on sale in cartridges, which are packed in plastic contour cells and paper bundles, respectively. You can also purchase an injection solution in glass ampoules.
Therapeutic features of the drug
Why is the medicine “Artikain” remarkable? Instructions for use, the description states that this tool is a derivative of thiophene. It exhibits local anesthetic properties and is actively used for anesthesia (infiltration and conduction).
In a slightly alkaline tissue environment, the active component of this drug undergoes hydrolysis. This releases the base, which exhibits lipophilic properties. Due to this effect, articaine quite easily penetrates through cell membranes into the nerve fibers.
By acting on receptors, the drug in question not only blocks the process of delivery of Na ions to cells, but also prevents the passage of an impulse along the nerves.
According to dentists, the action of the Artikain medication, the instructions for use of which is described below, is observed almost immediately after its introduction. As for the effectiveness of this drug, it is observed for three hours and decreases only in an acidic environment.
Kinetic features of injection
How is the absorption of the drug "Artikain"? Instructions for use states that with intramuscular injection, a peak concentration of this agent in the blood is reached after 25-35 minutes.
With the introduction of the drug under the oral mucosa, it exhibits increased diffusion ability.
This drug binds to plasma proteins by approximately 95%. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys within six hours (the half-life of the anesthetic is about 65-80 minutes).
It can not be said that the drug in question is able to penetrate through the placental (to a lesser extent than local anesthetics), as well as through the blood-brain barrier (in insignificant amounts). As for mother's milk, with it, articaine is practically not released.
Indications for appointment
What is prescribed “Artikain” from? Instructions for use indicate that this tool is very often used in dental practice for the purpose of anesthesia (infiltration and conduction).
Bans to use
When is it forbidden to use articaine? The instruction for use states that drugs based on this component are contraindicated in:
- chronic hypoxia;
- high sensitivity to articaine, as well as to other local anesthetics belonging to the amide group;
- any diseases of the central nervous system;
- megaloblastic B12-deficient anemia;
- bronchial asthma;
- angle-closure glaucoma;
- paroxysmal tachycardia;
- acute heart failure;
- atrial tachyarrhythmia;
- severe violations of cardiac conduction (for example, with severe bradycardia, atrioventricular block II-III degree);
- volumetric maxillofacial operations, as well as with prolonged surgery (longer than 20 minutes);
- arterial hypotension ;
- in children under four years of age (safety and effectiveness have not been studied).
It should also be noted that with extreme caution this drug is prescribed for pregnant women with preeclampsia, as well as bleeding in the last trimester.
The drug "Artikain": instructions for use in dentistry
Before the introduction of the drug in question, an aspiration test should always be carried out. This is necessary in order to minimize the likelihood of intravascular administration of the drug.
According to experts, during the introduction of the medication in question, the pressure on the piston of the syringe must be adjusted depending on the sensitivity of the tissues. In this case, injecting the drug into the inflamed areas of the oral mucosa is highly not recommended. Eating after an injection procedure is allowed only after a complete restoration of sensitivity.
In the process of conducting uncomplicated tooth extraction located on the upper jaw (if there is no inflammation), use 1.7 ml of solution (per tooth). If required, the patient is additionally administered 1-1.7 ml of the drug.
For anesthesia with suturing and palatal incisions to create a palatine depot, the patient is prescribed 0.1 ml of the drug.
When removing premolars located on the lower jaw (with an uncomplicated degree), an infiltration anesthesia is performed. At the same time, it gives the effect of conductive analgesia.
When turning teeth for crowns (except molars of the lower jaw) and preparation of cavities, vestibular injection is carried out at a dosage of 0.5-1.7 ml per tooth.
With a single administration of the drug, its maximum dosage for adults is 4 mg / kg of body weight.
Side effects
How is the medicine "Artikain" tolerated by patients? Instructions for use (side effects of this medication will be presented right now) claims that this drug very rarely causes negative effects. Among them can be distinguished such as:
- stupor, dizziness, respiratory distress, transient visual disturbances, muscular tremor, muscular twitching, blurred vision (temporary);
- generalized convulsions, paresthesias, decreased blood pressure, hypesthesia, blindness, heart failure, double vision, shock;
- allergic reactions, nausea, angioedema, vomiting, swelling, flushing of the skin, inflammation of the oral mucosa, conjunctivitis, urticaria, rhinitis;
- swelling of the cheeks, upper or lower lip, swelling of the vocal cords with difficulty swallowing.
It should also be noted that sometimes with the wrong introduction of a local anesthetic, damage to the facial nerve is possible. This can lead to paralysis.
Drug overdose
What are the signs of an overdose when misused “Artikain”? Instructions for use indicate the following symptoms: loss of consciousness, dizziness, decreased blood pressure, stupor during administration or motor excitement, bradycardia.
To eliminate such conditions, you should urgently stop the injection and put the patient on the bed. He also needs to ensure the free passage of the respiratory tract, to control heart contractions and the state of blood pressure.
Drug Interactions
Local anesthetics are able to enhance the effect of medications that inhibit the central nervous system.
With parallel use with the described drug, the following interaction is observed:
- with anticoagulants, the risk of bleeding and hemorrhage increases;
- with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, the risk of developing arterial hypotension is increased;
- the effect of muscle relaxants is enhanced and lengthened;
- with vasoconstrictors, the local anesthetic effect of articaine is enhanced and lengthened;
- with narcotic analgesics , respiratory depression intensifies and an additive effect develops;
- with cholinesterase inhibitors, articaine metabolism is reduced.
It should also be noted that the drug in question is antagonistic to anti-asthenic drugs. In addition, when treating the injection site with disinfectant solutions that contain heavy metals, the risk of developing an adverse reaction in the form of edema and painful sensitivity increases.
Special information
The drug in question cannot be administered intravenously. It is also forbidden to inject into the inflamed area.
Open solution cartridges cannot be reused, including for other patients.
During treatment with Artikain, it is required to control the functions of the respiratory, cardiac, central nervous and vascular systems.
Reviews, analogues
What can replace the local anesthetic "Artikain"? Its analogues are the following drugs: Mepivacaine, Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, Ultracaine, Markain and others.
Now you know what such a medicine as Artikain is intended for. Instructions for use, analogues of this anesthetic are also considered in this article.
According to experts, the drug in question is very often used in dental practice. If you follow all the recommendations of a doctor and take into account all contraindications to the use of this medication, the drug is highly effective and very rarely contributes to the development of adverse reactions.