From doctors you can often hear - "intoxication of the body." What does such a diagnosis say? Or what is intoxication? The people call this pathology "poisoning." Everyone should know how to determine intoxication, and if necessary, provide emergency assistance to the victim.
a brief description of
So what is intoxication? This is the poisoning of the body with various toxic substances that provoke disturbances in its functioning. Substances can enter the body from the outside or form inside it.
Intoxication can manifest itself quite varied. Symptoms depend on the toxic substance. A large role is played by their accumulation in the body. It is very important whether they entered once or penetrate constantly, slowly accumulating. The concentration of a toxic substance in the body is also important.
External causes of pathology
Having received the idea of what intoxication is, we will analyze, as a result of which it arises.
So, external factors provoking intoxication:
- poisonous plants;
- halogens;
- heavy metals;
- arsenic;
- beryllium;
- selenium;
- animals;
- substandard products;
- medications in case of exceeding the dose;
- the effects of parasites;
- narcotic substances, alcoholic beverages, tobacco.
Moreover, the source of intoxication is often not poisonous substances, but products of their processing in the body. They carry the strongest toxic effects. They enter the body through contact with mucous membranes, skin, and eating.
Internal causes
Toxic substances occur inside the body as a result of the following factors:
- burns;
- serious injury;
- inflammatory processes;
- radiation injuries;
- ailments of an inflammatory nature;
- diseases of the excretory systems;
- malignant tumors;
- diabetes mellitus;
- metabolic disorders;
- liver disease;
- damage to organs involved in the production of various hormones.
Symptoms of intoxication
Various signs can testify to this pathological condition. For each person they are purely individual. In addition, a major role is played by what substance is intoxication provoked. Symptoms of poisoning, in most cases, are as follows:
- vomiting, nausea, dyspepsia;
- change in the shade of the skin;
- impaired hearing, vision, coordination of movements;
- hypothermia or hyperthermia;
- malfunctioning of the respiratory organs, central nervous and cardiovascular system.
First aid
If the patient has the above symptoms, it is urgent to act. In this case, it is very important to know how to remove intoxication.
In case of any poisoning, the patient needs the following complex of therapeutic measures:
- It is necessary to immediately hospitalize the victim in a medical facility.
- Provide the patient with detoxification aimed at eliminating toxic substances.
- Specific therapy is prescribed to suppress the poison.
- Symptomatic treatment is carried out.
Before the ambulance arrives, it is necessary to neutralize, if possible, the toxic effects of the poison. For this purpose, the stomach or skin are washed. Permissible use of saline laxative. The patient can be given enterosorbents. The best drugs are Activated Carbon, Enterosgel, Sorbex.
Food poisoning
Such intoxications are the most common. A large surge is observed in spring and summer. The air temperature rises during this period, which contributes to the speedy fermentation or souring of food.
Food intoxication is caused by the use of spoiled or contaminated foods. Poisoning can be bacterial or non-bacterial.
A person who has used poor-quality food has the following symptoms:
- acute pain in the abdomen;
- nausea, vomiting;
- diarrhea;
- heat;
- chills;
- lack of appetite.
In severe cases, a violation of the kidneys, liver, and central nervous system is diagnosed.
How to help?
When observing the signs that characterize food intoxication, it is imperative to consult a doctor. At home, it is advisable to provide the following assistance to the victim:
- Rinse the stomach with soda or potassium permanganate solution (weak). This procedure lasts until clear waters.
- Take enterosorbents - "Activated Carbon", "Sorbex" "Enterosgel" medicines.
- The patient needs a plentiful drink. Effective - mineral alkaline water, fruit drinks, the drug "Regidron".
- The patient is provided with peace and hunger.
Alcohol intoxication
Alcohol is a real poison for the human body. Alcohol intoxication disrupts the activity of the central nervous system, neurological, autonomic and mental disorders occur. Well-known signs of alcohol intoxication are:
- Headache. It occurs as a result of vasodilation caused by alcohol in the blood.
- Nausea, vomiting. Ethanol acts on the cerebellum, which is responsible for the balance of the body.
- Great thirst. In the blood, the antidiuretic hormone decreases , which stimulates the excretion of urine.
- Dizziness. Also characterizes a violation of the cerebellum.
With more serious poisoning, disorders of the central nervous system are observed. Such a patient sometimes loses consciousness and even falls into a coma.
Intoxication of the liver is observed. With the defeat of this organ, physiological changes occur. Initially, the liver is enlarged, while palpating is soft. Subsequently, it becomes small in size and hard to the touch. The remaining symptoms depend on the type of intoxication and degree.
The victim needs emergency care. It is very important that the patient remains conscious before the doctors arrive. Doctors will provide medical assistance. The most effective are droppers for alcohol intoxication.
Necessary measures
To relieve alcohol poisoning, you can use the following drugs:
- "Antipohmelin",
- Alcoprim
- Alcozeltzer.
Such drugs are consumed with plenty of water. The water-salt balance in the body will restore fish soup or ear. A fermented milk drink is recommended. For severe pain, it is advisable to use the drug "Citramon". The Activated Carbon pill can help even when the alcohol is completely absorbed into the blood. The drug in the intestines binds decay products and alcohol residues. It is recommended to take a lot of such tablets, drinking plenty of water. These methods are effective only for mild alcohol poisoning.
If strong - these methods are ineffective. In severe cases of poisoning, the patient should not be laid on his back so that he does not choke. If the patient is unconscious, do not rinse his stomach! Since there is a possibility that a person will choke. In this condition, you need to call an ambulance as soon as possible. In most cases, doctors put droppers for alcohol intoxication.
Based on the patient's condition, a special composition of the solution is selected. Below is the standard kit.
The following drugs are added to the physiological solution of sodium chloride:
- “Pyridoxine” (Vitamin B6);
- "Magnesium sulfate";
- "Riboxin."
Means such as are added to the glucose solution:
- "Ascorbic acid";
- "Panangin";
- "Cocarboxylase."
It should be noted that such solutions are selected for each patient individually. This takes into account blood pressure, ECG results. In addition, it is recommended to put droppers only under the supervision of a doctor, since effective therapy can sometimes lead to the development of acute alcoholic delirium, as it is popularly called “delirium tremens”.
Cancer poisoning
Oncological tumors develop rapidly, burning large amounts of fats, proteins and sugars. The body is deprived of important nutrients. Its exhaustion is observed. The tumor is growing rapidly. Against this background, the patient develops hypoxia - a lack of oxygen. Cancer tissues begin to die. Decomposition products are very toxic. A similar situation is observed after chemotherapy. The patient develops cancer intoxication.
For this condition, the following symptoms are characteristic:
- increased weakness;
- high fatigue;
- mental disorders - irritability, lethargy, depression, insomnia;
- pallor of the skin with a predominance of a yellow tint ;
- dry skin and mucous membranes;
- cyanosis - cyanosis of the integument;
- hyperhidrosis - increased sweating;
- weight loss;
- lack of appetite;
- violation of the stool;
- nausea, vomiting;
- headache;
- prolonged fever;
- dizziness;
- pain in the joints, bones, muscles;
- increased susceptibility to infectious diseases;
- arrhythmia;
- anemia.
Giving help
To alleviate the condition, the patient needs good nutrition. If the patient has cancer intoxication, the following agents are included in the treatment:
- Antiemetic drugs. Effective drugs are Metoclopramide, Domperidone.
- Laxatives Lactulose, Forlax, Guttalax, castor oil.
- Enema It is advisable to apply them with the ineffectiveness of laxatives.
- Sorbents. The drug "Polysorb".
- In case of anemia - iron preparations Sorbifer Durules, Ferrum Lek, Maltofer.
- Painkillers: Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Nimesulide.
- Sedatives: Diazepam, Haloperidol, Aminazine.
Tuberculosis poisoning
Often found in adolescents and children. Tuberculosis intoxication makes itself felt by the following symptoms:
- weakness;
- malaise;
- irritability;
- impaired appetite;
- low-grade fever;
- sleep disturbance.
This condition can pass on its own. But for some patients, antibiotic therapy lasting about six months is required.
Children who have been diagnosed with tuberculosis intoxication are treated on the basis of drugs such as Isoniazid and PASK. Some require chemoprophylaxis for two to three months twice a year.
Summary
It is necessary to clearly understand what intoxication is. This is a very dangerous condition for health and sometimes life. Indeed, in any case, poisoning affects the liver, kidneys. Namely, these organs contribute to the elimination of toxins from the body. Therefore, if symptoms of poisoning are observed, it is urgent to seek medical help from a doctor.
The best prevention is maintaining a healthy lifestyle. In this case, toxins naturally come out of the body.