Stroke is a very common and dangerous disease in which there is a violation of the blood circulation of the brain. As a result, the brain activity of some areas decreases or is completely absent.
Stroke
Every year, an increasing number of young people, especially students, are admitted to the hospital with this diagnosis. This is due to the fact that studying and preparing for exams takes a lot of time and especially diligent students simply do not have time to relax. Stroke in this case is precisely the result of overwork.
There are two main types of stroke: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Before prescribing treatment, doctors need to accurately determine the type of disease. After all, subsequent actions will depend on this. This is not so simple, since both species have a number of similar symptoms. In order to somehow alleviate the situation, it is necessary to consider each type in more detail.
Features of ischemic stroke
How to distinguish ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke? At the first, there is a violation of blood circulation due to narrowing of blood vessels and the formation of blockages. Oxygen and other substances necessary for the proper functioning of the brain stop flowing. Then the brain cells just begin to die. This process is also called cerebral infarction.
Complete death of cells without the ability to reanimate them occurs after 48 hours. Therefore, regardless of the cause of the onset of ischemic stroke, with timely diagnosis, the patient still has a chance to escape. Restoring blood flow allows you to adjust the brain and avoid disability or death.
However, if precious time is missed, cerebral tissue edema can occur, it will increase in size, and as a result, death occurs.
Features of hemorrhagic stroke
Hemorrhagic stroke is less common in contrast to ischemic stroke. He is mainly affected by young people. This type of stroke is the most dangerous. In ninety cases out of a hundred, a fatal outcome is observed.
With hemorrhagic stroke, hemorrhage occurs. This process may be accompanied by rupture of blood vessels. It can also occur without violating the integrity of their shell. With rupture of blood vessels, blood flows under high pressure, forming hematomas and swelling. If the rupture does not occur, then the walls of the vessels begin to stretch and pass blood into the surrounding brain tissue. The result of hemorrhage can be numerous hematomas and scars that develop into cysts.
As we can see, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are dangerous for human life, differences are only due to their appearance.
Risk zone
At risk for ischemia are people suffering from diabetes mellitus, hypertension, people with heart rhythm disturbances, low blood coagulation and a hereditary predisposition. Overweight patients are also at risk. The last reason in modern society has become the most common. Indeed, every year the number of obese people is growing. It is also likely that there will be an ischemic stroke after a hemorrhagic stroke.
In this case, hypertensive patients and obese people also fall into the main risk group. This type of stroke is susceptible to people with congenital vascular pathology. Strong intoxication of the body can also be the cause of the development of hemorrhagic stroke, as well as vitamin deficiency, vascular aneurysms and other inflammatory processes.
Bad habits in the form of smoking and alcohol also contribute to the development of stroke.
Symptoms of the disease
How is a stroke ischemic, hemorrhagic? Symptoms of the disease most often begin to appear in the evening or at night as a result of physical or emotional overstrain. The first signs occur very quickly and cause a sharp deterioration in well-being.
The patient has a rapid heartbeat and stitching pains in the chest area. A person feels weakness, dizziness, nausea. Imbalance, speech and numbness of the face and other parts of the body, a feeling of heat, drowsiness or sudden excitement are observed.
Symptoms of a stroke in men and women may vary.
Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Differences in symptoms in men and women
In a strong half of humanity, stroke is fourth in the list of the most common causes of death. With cerebral ischemia , they have the following symptoms:
- A couple of days before a stroke, a man may be bothered by severe headaches and dizziness.
- A sharp visual impairment can be observed.
- Vomiting and blurred mind.
- For some time, the patient's limbs may go numb.
Hemorrhagic stroke occurs due to rupture of the vessels of the brain, and, as a result, a man can fall into a coma.
The symptoms that accompany this type of stroke in men are as follows:
- high pressure;
- loud breathing and crimson complexion;
- vomiting
- involuntary bowel movements may occur;
- the gaze becomes blank;
- paralysis occurs, in which asymmetry of the face is observed.
If a man does not die in a hemorrhagic stroke within a year, then he will certainly remain disabled for the rest of his life.
The danger of a female stroke is that its first signs (loss of consciousness, nausea, vomiting, migraine, weakness, dry mouth, chest pain, breathing problems) can not always be associated with impaired blood circulation in the brain.
The likelihood of a stroke in women is many times higher than the risk of occurrence in men. Since the fairer sex is less stress resistant and often fixate on their problems, and this is favorable soil for the development of this disease. Pregnant women should generally avoid stressful situations and worries.
Before the onset of an attack, a woman begins to feel:
- severe headache;
- numbness of the face and other parts of the body;
- loss of coordination;
- impaired vision, hearing and speech.
Ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke are very serious diseases for both men and women. And when revealing the first signs, you should immediately consult a doctor, because every minute is expensive.
Which hemisphere is affected?
Symptoms of the disease may also vary depending on which hemisphere of the brain is affected. With a left stroke, there are problems with speech, lack of logical thinking. The right side of the face and body is taken away. Left hemisphere infarction most often occurs in people suffering from arrhythmia and who are overweight. After all, it is this category that is most prone to blood clots.
With a stroke of the left hemisphere, the patient's physical activity is restored quite quickly. But with speech and memory, things are much worse. The patient hardly understands someone else's speech, cannot write, he has problems with the reaction. In this case, speech may not recover at all. Left hemisphere infarction is considered the most common.
Diagnosing a stroke in the right hemisphere is much more difficult than diagnosing the left, because this side is responsible for feelings and emotions.
In this case, a person has a depressive state and paralysis of the left side of the body. People with this diagnosis remember their past very well, but forget the events of the current day.
In order to recover from such a stroke, it will take a lot of time. After all, the patient ceases to feel his limbs, and sometimes the whole body.
With a stroke of the right hemisphere, focal symptoms can also be observed: dizziness, disorientation in space, a person ceases to feel the speed of movement and does not distinguish the shape of the subject.
Diagnostics
How is the diagnosis of ischemic, hemorrhagic stroke? In order to determine the disease, you can ask the patient to perform several simple manipulations:
- To smile. If the corners of the lips on one side remain lowered, then this indicates that this side of the face is no longer obeyed.
- Give full name and patronymic. If the speech has become slow and prolonged, the patient needs urgent hospitalization.
- Raise your hands one level. With a stroke, this is impossible.
- Stick out tongue. If it is asymmetric, this is also a symptom of the disease.
These signs may indicate ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Differences of one species from another can be detected only when conducting RMT. It will also help to eliminate the likelihood of other diseases and to evaluate the focus of brain damage.
If you suspect an ischemic stroke, an additional examination is required in the form of an ultrasound of the vessels of the neck and brain, and an x-ray of the vessels. It is also necessary to record the electrocardiogram for 24 hours.
With hemorrhagic stroke, an ultrasound of the cerebral vessels and a consultation of a neurosurgeon are prescribed.
Treatment
How should a person be treated if he has an ischemic, hemorrhagic stroke? Treatment should be carried out simultaneously in several directions: general and specific. What are these types?
The general treatment is the same for any type of stroke. It consists in normalizing the work of the cardiovascular system, respiratory function, and reducing cerebral edema.
We found out how to determine hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke . The difference between these types of disease, in addition to symptoms, will lie in the specific treatment.
With a cerebral infarction, procedures must be performed to normalize blood circulation in the area of damage. Such measures can be performed both with the help of surgical intervention, and without it. Also, normal brain function should be maintained. For this, various medications are used, which must be taken only under the close supervision of a doctor.
With hemorrhagic stroke, it is necessary to reduce the permeability of the vascular wall and prevent the collapse of an already formed thrombus. In order not to cause an ischemic stroke after a hemorrhagic stroke, drugs are introduced into the patient's body in parallel with tight control of blood pressure. The most effective way to treat hemorrhagic stroke is surgical. Although doctors sometimes use other methods.
Ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Preventive measures
In order to never hear this terrible diagnosis, the following preventive measures must be taken:
- Get rid of bad habits such as smoking and alcohol.
- Review your diet and eliminate fatty foods.
- Lead an active lifestyle and monitor your weight. Due to the fact that this disease is becoming younger every year, exercise is best done under the supervision of a professional trainer or doctor.
- With high blood pressure, it must be measured twice a day and regularly visit a doctor.
- With frequent mental stress, you need to find for yourself such an activity that would allow you to arrange brain discharge.
Conclusion
Ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke are two types of a dangerous disease. Fighting him is quite difficult. In most cases, stroke survivors remain disabled.
Every year the relevance of this disease is increasing. After all, life is becoming increasingly difficult, and people are in a constant state of stress, and this is the most favorable soil for the development of this disease.
Of course, the question of how ischemic stroke differs from hemorrhagic stroke can be answered more briefly: symptoms, treatment and consequences. But for those who really want to avoid this disease, it is simply necessary to study its types and features as much as possible. In general, information about a stroke is useful to everyone. After all, having the necessary knowledge, you can help not only yourself, but also others to diagnose the disease in a timely manner, and in this case this is already a chance for life.