In the article, we consider the instructions for use and reviews for the drug "Hydrochlorothiazide".
The medicine is often prescribed by doctors as an effective diuretic. This drug actually helps to solve a number of therapeutic problems in the treatment of patients with various diseases. The cost of "Hydrochlorothiazide" is low, which allows you to purchase it to all categories of patients. But to use this medication for self-medication is unacceptable. To purchase it, you need a prescription from your doctor. Otherwise, this diuretic will not be sold.
Pharmacological functions of the drug
According to the instructions for use, "Hydrochlorothiazide" has a pronounced saluretic property. The active components in the composition of this medication contribute to the fact that the degree of reabsorption is gradually reduced, and the concentration of sodium and chlorine ions in the tubules also decreases.
Due to the pronounced diuretic effect, taking this medication can slightly reduce the pressure. Also, partially or completely in patients with diabetes insipidus, polyuria disappears.
As indicated by the instructions for use, the medicine "Hydrochlorothiazide" is excreted by the renal structure. The estimated circulation time of the active components is thirteen hours. It is proved that this pharmacological product can cross the placental barrier. Residues of the active component have been repeatedly found in breast milk, which proves the ability of Hydrochlorothiazide to affect lactation.
Drug efficacy
What else can be learned from the instructions for use with Hydrochlorothiazide? Heart attacks along with strokes account for nearly seventy percent of all deaths in the world. Seven out of ten people die due to blockage of the heart arteries or brain. Almost always, the cause of such a terrible end is pressure surges due to hypertension. It is simply necessary to relieve pressure, otherwise nothing. But this, unfortunately, does not cure the disease itself, but only helps to combat its effect. The effectiveness of the presented drug was calculated by researchers using a special technique and demonstrates the following indicators:
- The pressure in patients taking "Hydrochlorothiazide" is normalized in ninety-seven percent of cases.
- Vein thrombosis is eliminated in eighty percent of cases.
- A strong heartbeat is eliminated in almost a hundred percent of cases.
- It is guaranteed to get rid of a headache.
- In ninety-seven percent of cases, people have an increase in vigor during the day, and in addition, night sleep improves.
Now we turn to the indications and find out under what diseases and diagnoses it is advisable to use this medical tool for treatment.
When should this drug be prescribed?
In accordance with the instructions for use, "Hydrochlorothiazide" is prescribed to people with hypertension. This tool can be prescribed as a single drug or as part of a comprehensive treatment with other drugs. So, "Hydrochlorothiazide" is used in a number of the following cases:
- As part of the control of polyuria in the presence of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus type.
- With nephrotic edema.
- With heart failure, which is accompanied by severe edema.
- With kidney failure, weighed down by edematous syndrome.
- As part of the treatment with corticosteroids, during which patients have edema of different localization.
- With cirrhosis of the liver with ascites.
- In acute glomerulonephritis.
- Against the background of subcompensated forms of glaucoma of varying degrees.
Hydrochlorothiazide tablets are prescribed for patients to prevent the occurrence of conglomerates in the genitourinary canal, and in addition to those who suffer from hypercalciuria. According to reviews, in practice, the described drug shows quite good results.
Methods of use for children and adults
According to the instructions for use, "Hydrochlorothiazide" with most of its analogues is used for oral administration. The starting dosage for hypertensive patients is 55 milligrams per day. On the first day of administration, mild natriuresis or increased diuresis can be observed. This is considered a variant of the norm. A gradual increase in dosage can lead to a proportional increase in urine output. It is impossible to exceed a dose of more than 200 milligrams per day, since the enhancement of the effect will most likely not be observed, but the load on the kidneys, and also on the liver, will increase significantly.
Instructions for use with the drug "Hydrochlorothiazide" must be strictly observed.
This drug is recommended to be taken once a day, preferably in the first half of the day. Patients in advanced age can take this drug twice a day at 12.5 milligrams. That is, only 25 mg of "Hydrochlorothiazide" according to the instructions for use.
Maximum dosage
The maximum daily dose for small patients is the amount of the drug that suits them by age:
- Babies up to six months are prescribed 3.5 milligrams per kilogram of weight.
- From six months to two years, 12.5 milligrams per kilogram of weight is prescribed.
- From three to twelve years, 100 milligrams per kilogram of weight is prescribed.
After a five-day course administration (and in some cases after three days), a short break in therapy is made.
This is confirmed by the instructions for use with the hydrochlorothiazide tablets.
For prophylaxis
As part of supporting activities, adults are prescribed these pills twice a week. In order to lower intraocular pressure, patients are prescribed 25 milligrams per day. The average course of therapy is usually six days. Against this background, it is important to gradually increase the dosage to 100 milligrams. As soon as polyuria with thirst decreases, it will be possible to reduce the dosage of the drug.
The dosage of the hydrochlorothiazide tablets is described in detail in the instructions for use.
Now find out if the drug is causing any adverse reactions.
Side effects
Reviews about this medicine on the network are mostly good, but there are also risks of side effects. Let us further consider the main adverse reactions:
- The digestive system can respond by exacerbating the chronic form of pancreatitis or cholecystitis, constipation, cholestatic jaundice, salinadenitis, loose stools, or anorexia (which is extremely rare).
- The activity of the nervous system may be accompanied by temporary blurred vision, dizziness, paresthesia and cephalgia.
- Among other things, the development of vasculitis, hypotension according to the orthostatic type, and in addition, arrhythmias, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, including.
- The occurrence of hyponatremia leading to convulsions, increased fatigue, confusion, and sleep disturbance is not ruled out.
- Metabolic status may be accompanied by glucosuria, hyperglycemia, hyperricemia, and in addition, an increase in blood lipids.
- Among other things, purpura is likely along with urticaria and anaphylactic reactions.
So it is said in the instructions for use with Hydrochlorothiazide. Analogues of the drug will be considered below.
Contraindications
Tablets, according to the instructions for use, are not used by all patients for therapy. Before taking them, you must consider a number of contraindications. So, this medicine cannot be taken in the following cases:
- If patients have anuria.
- Against the background of diabetes mellitus with unstable laboratory indicators.
- In severe liver failure and in the presence of gout in the patient.
- In the case of Addison's disease.
- Against the background of the development of hyponatremia or hypocalcemia.
- During periods of breastfeeding.
- During pregnancy, especially in the first trimester.
- Against the background of hypersensitivity to sulfonamides.
These pills are also not prescribed for those patients whose history is burdened by lactose deficiency, problems with glucose and lactalose absorption. With great caution, it is required to take this drug for people suffering from cerebral arteriosclerosis, preeclampsia or eclampsia.
In general, the drug "Hydrochlorothiazide" is used with great success to treat many diseases. In that case, if you follow all the appropriate recommendations of a doctor and pay attention to your health, then the effect of this drug will be as positive as possible.
Reviews of doctors and patients about the drug
Analyzing the reviews of people who used the drug "Hydrochlorothiazide", we can conclude that this drug is used not only as a diuretic, but also as a hypotensive medication.
Most women use this drug for edema caused by premenstrual syndrome. For this, patients take the medicine one tablet in the morning for a couple of days before menstruation.
Being a hypotensive agent, "Hydrochlorothiazide" is listed in the combination of drugs. According to the reviews, the constant use of this medication, which is recommended for hypertension, does not cause any side effects in patients. The excess withdrawal of potassium, which is observed when using this remedy, doctors recommend compensating through a potassium diet. In the case of a combination of "Hydrochlorothiazide" with inhibitors that retain potassium in the body, this can not be done.
Based on the reviews, it can be said that people who happened to use the drug for treatment are very satisfied with this drug and praise it for its effectiveness and relative safety.
In the instructions for use, analogues of "Hydrochlorothiazide" are not indicated.
Analogues of the drug
Medicines in the form of “Hypothiazide”, “Dichlothiazide” and “Hydrochlorothiazide-Verte” are referred to analogues. All of the listed drugs contain only one active ingredient, the same as the original substance.
The mechanism of action of Valsartan and Hydrochlorothiazide
Instructions for use indicate that the drug "Valsartan" is a means intended for oral administration. This medicine is absorbed very quickly in the human digestive system. Through the intestinal mucous membranes, the active component penetrates the blood.
In combination with Hydrochlorothiazide, this agent acts on a number of receptors that are present not only in vessels, but also in the heart, lungs, kidneys, adrenal glands and brain. Due to this effect, the vessels expand in patients, and, in addition, blood pressure decreases. Also, under the influence of these medications, a decrease in the increased pulse is carried out, which is often observed in patients with high blood pressure.
How do losartan interact with hydrochlorothiazide? The instructions for use say that the active substances in the case of a combination, an additive antihypertensive effect is observed, blood pressure is reduced. Hydrochlorothiazide affects the activity of blood plasma renin, stimulates the secretion of aldosterone, increases the concentration of angiotensin II and reduces the serum potassium content. Thanks to the administration of losartan, all physiological effects of angiotensin II are blocked and, due to the suppression of the effects of aldosterone, the loss of potassium caused by the intake of diuretic is reduced.
Conclusion
So, in conclusion, it should be said that the hydrochlorothiazide drug is prescribed for patients suffering from edematous syndrome, and in addition, arterial hypertension. Among other things, it can be prescribed to patients to control polyuria and prevent the occurrence of stones in the genitourinary system.
At the initial stage of therapy (the duration of this stage is determined individually) it is not recommended to drive vehicles, and in addition, to perform work that requires excessive attention. In persons suffering from lactose intolerance, complaints of digestive processes can be recorded, which, as a rule, is due to the presence of this component in the composition of the drug. The presented medicine is not prescribed for pregnant patients, as well as for children who are under the age of two years.