In pharmaceuticals, short-acting insulin preparations are isolated. By "collaborating" with specific receptors on the outer cell membranes, these drugs form an insulin receptor complex. They increase the synthesis of liver cells. In addition, they penetrate directly into the muscles. Soluble insulin has a stimulating effect on intracellular processes.
Brand Name of Drug Group
In pharmaceuticals, a group of drugs is isolated, which is available on the basis of insulin soluble [human genetic engineering].
The Latin name of this substance is written as follows: Insulinum solubile.
The trade name is soluble insulin [human genetic engineering].
When is it appointed?
Soluble insulin medications are prescribed to patients in the following cases:
- In the presence of diabetes related to the first type.
- In the presence of diabetes belonging to the second type at the stage of resistance to hypoglycemic oral medications.
- Against the background of partial resistance to hypoglycemic oral medications as part of combination therapy.
- In the case of the development of diabetic ketoacidosis or ketoacidotic and hyperosmolar coma.
- With diabetes, which occurred during pregnancy due to the inefficiency of diet therapy.
- For the purpose of intermittent use against infections associated with high temperature.
- Immediately before an upcoming surgery or childbirth.
- In case of metabolic disorders.
- In case of transition to treatment with prolonged insulin medications.
Contraindications
Soluble insulin [human genetic engineering] cannot be used if the patient has hypersensitivity to it and in case of hypoglycemia.
Next, we consider methods of dosing this group of drugs.
Dosage of medication
The specialist determines the dose and method of drug administration on an individual basis, starting from the indicators of blood glucose before eating and two hours after it. The intake of insulin also depends on the degree of glucosuria, and in addition, on the characteristics of the course of the diabetic disease.
The drug is administered in various ways. It can be used intravenously or intramuscularly, but this is always decided exclusively by the doctor. Soluble insulin is administered half an hour before meals. Very often, this medicine is administered to patients through a dropper. But in the presence of diabetic coma, ketoacidosis, as well as during surgery, intramuscular or intravenous administration is used.
With monotherapy, as a rule, the multiplicity is three times a day (but if necessary, the procedure is carried out up to six times a day). The injection point changes each time to avoid the development of atrophy, and in addition, hypertrophy of subcutaneous fat.
The average daily dose of soluble [human genetic engineering] insulin is 40 PIECES, and for children 8 PIECES is required. At a daily dosage that exceeds 0.6 units per kilogram of weight, insulin is required to be administered in the form of two or more injections in different parts of the body. Soluble insulin can be combined with long-term analogs. The insulin solution is collected from the vial using a sterile needle. With its sharp end, a rubber stopper is pierced, which is wiped with ethanol after the aluminum cap is removed.
Now consider the negative reactions of the body that can occur when taking soluble insulin.
Side effect
When using insulin soluble [human genetically engineered] for treatment, all kinds of allergic reactions in the form of urticaria, angioedema, fever, shortness of breath and low blood pressure are quite likely. In addition, the following side effects are often observed in patients:
- The development of hypoglycemia, which manifests itself in increased sweating, as well as in the form of pallor of the skin, sweating, palpitations, tremors, feelings of hunger, agitation, anxiety and paresthesia in the oral cavity. In addition, headaches along with drowsiness, insomnia, fear, depressed mood, irritability, unusual behavior, insecurity of movements, and speech impairment are not ruled out. The onset of hypoglycemic coma is also possible.
- The development of diabetic acidosis. Typically, this effect is observed in case of missed injections, in case of non-compliance with the diet, and in addition, against the background of infections and fever. Drowsiness is also possible along with thirst, decreased appetite, and facial flushing.
- It is not excluded a violation of consciousness that can go into a coma.
- The appearance of visual impairment, as a rule, such an adverse reaction is usually observed at the beginning of therapy.
- The occurrence of immunological cross-reactions with human insulin, while increasing the titers of anti-insulin antibodies, which leads to a further increase in glycemia.
- The occurrence of hyperemia, itching and lipodystrophy. At the same time, atrophy or hypertrophy of adipose subcutaneous tissue is observed in the area of administration of soluble insulin.
- At the beginning of therapy, edema with impaired refraction can be observed, which, as a rule, is temporary and can pass if treatment is continued.
Drug overdose
In case of an overdose, symptoms of hypoglycemia may occur, which will manifest itself in the form of weakness, cold sweat, pallor of the skin, palpitations, trembling, nervousness and feelings of hunger. And besides, paresthesia in the hands, legs, tongue and lips is possible. Headaches along with hypoglycemic coma and seizures are not ruled out.
As part of the treatment, patients can eliminate mild hypoglycemia on their own if they ingest sugar. Foods rich in easily digestible carbohydrates are also great.
Insulin preparations
"Rinsulin R" - human insulin, characterized by an average duration of exposure, it is obtained using recombinant DNA technology. It interacts with specific receptors of the outer cytoplasmic cell membranes, forming insulin receptor complexes. Thanks to Rinsulin R, intracellular processes are stimulated, in particular the synthesis of a number of key enzymes (hexokinase, glycogen synthetase, pyruvate kinase).
The decrease in glucose is explained by an increase in its intracellular transport, and in addition, a decrease in the rate of glucose production by the liver. The duration of exposure to insulin preparations is mainly explained by the rate of their absorption, which depends on a number of factors, for example, on the dosage, and in addition, on the method and place of administration. In this regard, the profile of insulin exposure in the same patient undergoes significant fluctuations.
The drug "Actrapid NM"
The following diagnoses are indications for the use of this medication:
- The presence of type 1 diabetes.
- Against the background of resistance to hypoglycemic oral drugs, "Actrapid NM" is also prescribed.
- With partial resistance to hypoglycemic drugs as part of combination therapy.
- With diabetic ketoacidosis, ketoacidotic and hyperosmolar coma.
- With diabetes, which occurred during the gestation period.
The drug "Biosulin R"
This medicine interacts with specific receptors on the outer cytoplasmic membranes of cells, forming an insulin receptor complex that stimulates intracellular processes. In addition, with the help of Biosulin P, the synthesis of key enzymes is stimulated, which are hexokinase along with pyruvate kinase and glycogen synthetase. This drug is forbidden to use in the presence of individual sensitivity to insulin, and in addition to other components of the drug.
The recipe for this tool
The following is a recipe for Latin insulin soluble:
Dtd: No. 2 in amp.
Rp: Insulini pro injectionibus 5 ml (1 ml - 40 ED).
S: 0.5 ml (20 PIECES) under the skin, 20 minutes before breakfast daily, 20 minutes before lunch 0.4 ml (16 PIECES) and 20 minutes before dinner 0.1 ml (4 PIECES) for a child 10 years.
We reviewed a list of soluble insulin [human genetically engineered] drugs.