In medical practice, several forms are distinguished, united by one concept - "cardiopathy" (what it is, will be described below). Each type of pathology has its own causes. Next, we consider in more detail how cardiopathy manifests itself, what it is and what therapeutic measures are carried out.
General information
Before describing how cardiopathy manifests itself, what it is, it should be said that echocardiography is considered one of the most effective diagnostic methods. Therapeutic measures are carried out in the conditions of a complete refusal to take alcohol (for adult patients). In the vast majority of cases, cardiopathy is a violation of the physiological development in the tissues of the heart muscle. Pathology is accompanied by aching pain. This manifestation may not be associated with physical activity.
Classification
Cardiopathy (what it is, said above) in one form or another can occur at different ages. With the dishormonal type of the disease, women can develop metabolic disorders. It, in turn, provokes problems with the activity of the ovaries. A special place among all forms is occupied by functional cardiopathy. Often this type is diagnosed in early and adolescence. Functional cardiopathy is accompanied by aching pain in the region of the heart. Discomfort and discomfort in some cases pass quickly, and sometimes drag on for a long period, up to several days. With increased production of thyroid hormones, cardiopathy of thyrotoxicosis develops. In this case, the heart expands, its rhythm is broken. If such cardiopathy is diagnosed, the treatment is mainly aimed at restoring the normal functioning of the thyroid gland. At the same time, therapy involves the elimination of heart muscle failure.
Cardiopathy in children
As practice shows, pathology often occurs at a young age. It can be caused by both congenital and acquired causes that appear in the process of physical development and growing up of the child. Cardiopathy in children is most often observed in secondary and primary school years. The phenomenon may be associated with congenital heart defects or have a rheumatic nature. In this case, manifestations of pathology are noted from the very birth of a person.
Teenage years
Cardiopathy, the symptoms of which are manifested in the form of increased fatigue, lethargy, cardiac insufficiency, and a slowdown in metabolic processes. The consequences of such a failure can be quite serious and unpredictable. In particular, weight loss, shortness of breath, and even during a calm walk, are likely. In case of any complaints of the teenager about the deterioration of health, parents should show the child to a specialist.
Important information
At a very early age, it is necessary to carefully monitor the health of the baby during various outdoor games. A cardiologist examination is also recommended at least once during the year. In this case, it is imperative to take readings of the electrocardiogram. Against the background of pathology , heart murmurs can not always be detected. Later manifestations of the disease include disorders in the heart rhythm, manifested in the form of extrasystole and tachycardia. Bring to this is not worth it. Experts recommend taking timely measures to prevent pathology and maintain the health of the child.
Most common manifestations
Most often, the following violations of the physiological development of muscle heart tissue are detected:
- Improper ventricular development.
- Anastomosis of the arteries.
- Thickening of the septum between the ventricles.
- Stenosis and narrowing of the heart valves.
- Violations in the conductivity of pulses.
- Displacement of the electrical cardiac axis.
All these manifestations can lead to heart rhythm disturbances, a decrease in the amount of pumped blood, cardiac and respiratory (pulmonary) failure, and swelling.
Pathologies in a child
There are several types of disease. They appear at different ages. The most common are:
- Secondary cardiopathy This form acts as a consequence of colds. The secondary form of cardiopathy is diagnosed if there is an inflammatory focus in the body. Any pathology of the internal organs can also provoke this type of disease. However, most often this form appears due to the manifestation of diseases such as:
- myocarditis;
- pneumonia;
- infectious endocarditis;
- malformations of the valves and muscles of the heart;
- bronchial asthma.
The diagnosis in this case is facilitated by the fact that the child is under constant medical supervision for the primary syndrome.
- Congenital cardiopathy It manifests itself in the form of intrauterine malformations of the heart muscle.
- Dysplastic cardiopathy. It develops under the influence of rheumatism. Pathology is not associated with the functional characteristics of the child's body. Dysplastic cardiopathy should be understood as a violation of the integrity of tissues with the subsequent replacement of the affected fibers with connective inelastic structures. Damaged areas are not able to adequately cope with their functional responsibilities. This is the cause of heart failure.
Functional Cardiopathy in a Child
You can talk about this form of pathology for a long time. At its core, functional cardiopathy is a response of an unprepared organism to unexpectedly intensified nervous or physical stress. This form of the disease often arises from improper teaching of a physical education lesson. The teacher should take into account not only the age characteristics of the students, but also the general level of their physical preparation for a particular load. Functional cardiopathy also develops in those schoolchildren who are forced to engage in sports schools and sections by the will of their parents. However, their body is often not ready for such loads. In order to avoid complications, before enrolling a child in a section, a cardiologist should be examined. A month after the start of sports, it is recommended to visit a specialist again. If there are no violations, the next inspection is allowed to be carried out after six months.
Clinical picture
Manifestations of pathology depend on where the destructive process is localized. With damage to the left atrium and ventricle, the signs of the disease are as follows:
- Fast fatiguability.
- Weakness.
- Frequent heartbeat.
- Soreness in the area of the heart.
- Cyanosis in the nasolabial triangle.
- Inability to perform physical exercises for a long time.
- Pallor of the skin.
The defeat of the right departments provoke symptoms of pulmonary failure:
- Heaviness in the area of the heart.
- Frequent causeless cough.
- Increased sweating.
- Swelling.
- Dyspnea.
Among other things, primary syndromes are accompanied by a general picture of the violation of the integrity of the heart muscle. More accurate conclusions can only be drawn after a thorough examination of the child. At the same time, specialists give a rather favorable forecast. At the current level of development of medicine, even in severe cases, cardiopathy is cured without the likelihood of manifestation of distant complications.
Therapy Features
Treatment will be selected in accordance with the form of the disease. For example, with functional cardiopathy, the method of interference therapy is used. The corresponding apparatus is used. They treat patients aged 10-14 years. Due to the fact that lately the sensitivity of people to drugs has significantly increased, specialists are developing and introducing new non-drug methods. However, for menopausal cardiopathy, for example, the doctor prescribes mainly pharmaceuticals. The essence of therapy in this case is reduced to the use of funds based on valerian. In the presence of negative T waves, doctors recommend Anaprilin and Verapamil. These medications, however, should not be taken with too pronounced bradycardia. In especially severe cases, a specialist may prescribe hormone therapy. The main indicator of the effectiveness of the therapeutic course in this case is a significant reduction in pain, which does not depend on the ECG indicator. ACE inhibitors (Benazepril, Quinapril, etc.) are also recommended for patients. The dosage for each case is set individually, in accordance with the characteristics of the body and tolerance. One or another drug has side effects (increased pressure and others). In this regard, when choosing a medication, possible complications should be taken into account. Common methods of treating cardiopathy are quite common. However, before using this or that prescription, you should consult a doctor. Of particular importance in the treatment of pathology, especially in children, is proper physical education and regular exercise in the fresh air.