Tetracycline antibiotics are a fairly extensive group of drugs. Medicines have a similar chemical structure. It should be noted that these funds are on one of the leading places among drugs with a wide spectrum of activity.
Tetracycline antibiotics. Description
Drugs in this group have a depressing effect on the reproduction and development of gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria, sticks (acid-resistant), large viruses, and other microbes. The category includes drugs such as Chlorotetracycline Hydrochloride, Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride, Tetracycline, and others. The study of medicines was started in 1948. Due to certain difficulties in the synthetic preparation of drugs today they are created using biosynthesis. All tetracycline antibiotics are amphoteric in nature. Their main qualities are due to the dimethylamino group. The acidic properties of the drug are due to the phenolic hydroxyl in the D-ring.
Being amphoteric, the compounds dissolve in acids and alkalis, forming salts. They, in turn, undergo hydrolysis in aqueous solutions. The high acid content prevents the hydrolysis process, as well as the precipitation of the base.
All tetracycline compounds have spectra similar to each other. In molecules, phenolic hydroxyl causes a color change in interactions with iron chloride (3). Tetracycline antibiotics are decomposed by alkali to form isotetracyclines. In turn, this is accompanied by an increase in staining. General reactions are characteristic of all tetracycline compounds. It is possible to distinguish drugs from each other due to different staining under the influence of sulfuric acid (concentrated). In this case, the formation of compounds colored for each tetracycline in its specific color occurs. So, for example, for one, a purplish-red hue appears, for another - violet. One of the characteristic features is the ability of drugs to fluoresce under the influence of UV light. This is often used as proof of their authenticity.
Pharmacological properties of tetracycline
This drug has a fairly wide spectrum of activity. Its bacteriostatic effect occurs due to the inhibition of protein synthesis of pathogen bacteria. The activity of the drug is manifested relative to gram-positive aerobic microbes, including penicillinase producing strains. The drug also affects gram-negative bacteria. Small viruses, most fungi, and a number of other strains are resistant to the drug.
Some rules for taking antibiotics. Adverse reactions
The use of drugs in a dose of 0.3 grams in the first two days, 0.2 grams five times in the following days is recommended. In case of gonorrhea (subacute and acute uncomplicated), 5 g is prescribed for the course, with other forms - 10. It is recommended to take the medicine before or during meals. Against the background of the application, upset stomach, vomiting, and nausea are likely.