Signs of pyelonephritis in a child. Violation of urination in a child. Prevention of complications of pyelonephritis in children

Pyelonephritis is a non-specific bacterial inflammation of the kidneys. At the time of exacerbation of this disease, as well as in the process of recovery, a violation of urination is detected. In addition to the fact that urge to the toilet can be frequent, the color and composition of urine changes. Spontaneous urine pouring, pain and burning in the urinary canal are also possible. According to ICD-10, pyelonephritis is assigned the code N10-N11.

Signs

The first signs of pyelonephritis in children are very characteristic. They are in the following manifestations:

• frequent urination, even if the bladder is not full;
• involuntary urinary incontinence may occur;
• during urination, pain begins, the process itself becomes very difficult;
• urine may be streaked with blood and with an unpleasant, often putrid odor.

Another important sign is the temperature of 38.5 in a child. If it is not accompanied by a runny nose and sore throat, then it may well indicate kidney disease. These are signs that a microbial inflammatory process that is hazardous to health is occurring in the child's body, and it is progressing.

Acute form

General condition worsens:

• All the symptoms of body poisoning are manifested: a temperature of 38.5 in a child. Sometimes it can be very high, even above 40 degrees, sweating, chills, blackout, loss of orientation in space, headache, frequent vomiting and nausea appear.
• Concerned about pain in the lumbar region or in the side. They can also appear in other places. If a young child, the pain in him is not particularly clearly localized, unlike older children and adolescents.

Acute pyelonephritis in children progresses quite quickly, and the intensity increases over several days, so treatment should not be delayed.

Chronic form

If pyelonephritis has a chronic form, then the course of the disease is slightly different. In this case, the symptoms are erased, which is too difficult to diagnose, and therefore is the cause of many complications subsequently. A urinalysis will help to identify the disease.

But the chronic form can be recognized by such signs:

• The child gets tired quickly. Even after a short physical exertion, he experiences weakness and wants to relax, refuses to eat.
• The skin is noticeable pallor.
• The child has pain in the lumbar region.
• There is lethargy, the child does not move much, becomes restless and irritable.

At the first manifestations of the disease, you must consult your doctor, as this disease, rapidly developing, can lead to death.

Symptoms in babies

In an infant who cannot complain about well-being, the presence of pyelonephritis can be found by paying attention to the following symptoms:

• the baby completely abandons the breast;
• regurgitation has become more frequent;
• nausea and gag reflex appear;
• an intestinal upset has begun (this symptom differs mainly in loose stools);
• urination of the baby is constantly accompanied by crying, anxiety;
• urination occurs in very small portions;
• urine itself smells unpleasant, its color may change;
• body temperature is elevated and can reach high values, there are febrile manifestations;
• increased drowsiness appears;
• the smaller the baby’s age, the faster the body weight decreases (especially this pathology is noticeable if the fever is kept);
• the baby becomes restless, tearful, refuses to play, constantly naughty.

Additional symptoms

Symptoms that do not indicate an inflammatory process in the kidneys may appear in the baby. This is due to the fact that the pathogenic microflora that caused pyelonephritis actively circulates through the blood.

Therefore, there may be such symptoms:

• Body temperature drops to a critically low value. But also she can rise with the same degree of criticality.
• The skin turns yellow.
• There is swelling in children.
• In boys, all signs of hyponatremia and hyperkalemia are detected. But in girls, too, such conditions are possible.
• The child is clearly noticeable developmental delay.

Impaired urination

Violation of urination in a child with pyelonephritis occurs in the following cases:

• If there are difficulties during childbirth or the mother suffered this disease.
• The child is on artificial feeding.
• The baby's body lacks vitamins and minerals.
• The disease was inherited.

Chronic diseases of ENT organs cause harmful microbes to be found in the body. Factors such as impaired urination, the detection of parasites in the body of the child, hypothermia, lead to the disease pyelonephritis.

This disease in its original form manifests itself in a violation of urination, then there is an improper development of the kidneys. This disease can affect both one kidney and two at the same time, the second option is dangerous for the body. In order to accurately diagnose, it is necessary to have an ultrasound with pyelonephritis in children. In addition to incontinence, this disease can cause stagnation of urine, in which all harmful substances and fluids are not excreted from the body.

Urine color

Not only a general laboratory analysis of urine can indicate the development of pyelonephritis, but also its color. However, with a small development of the disease in the urine, there are visually no special changes.

It is necessary to pay attention to the color of urine with pyelonephritis in a child. In more severe stages, you can visually notice changes in urine.

Urine with signs of pyelonephritis in a child:

• It acquires a very light yellow color when chronic renal failure appears.
• It becomes cloudy, an unpleasant putrefactive odor appears if a urinary tract infection is present. Along the way, the temperature rises, pain in the lower back.
• It acquires a milky color if there is a large accumulation of pus in it.
• With streaks of blood or becomes similar to the color of meat slops. It is accompanied by frequent urination. Red color occurs with macrohematuria, pink indicates that stones or sand appeared in the kidneys.
• Muddy. Especially if a little stalled. Flakes and other pathological impurities appear in it.
• Colorless is a dangerous symptom because the kidneys have stopped working. Urine also becomes dense with pyelonephritis due to the presence of various substances.

Drug treatment

In the treatment of signs of pyelonephritis in a child, a course of antibiotics is used, it is prescribed by the doctor after the small patient has passed all the necessary tests. Of the drugs of this spectrum of action, Cefodox, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime are mainly prescribed. Before applying the prescribed medicine, it is necessary to conduct a test for allergic reactions and tolerance of this drug to the child's body. After the samples are taken, the medicine is injected into the body by injection into a muscle or vein. The course of treatment with this drug lasts almost a month, but the difference with other methods of therapy is that every seven or ten days, one antibiotic is changed to another, and so on until the end of the course of treatment.

In order to destroy the bacteria inside the renal canals, uroantiseptics are prescribed, these drugs completely cleanse the kidney paths and stop the growth of bacteria. These are medications such as Nevigramon, Palin, and Nitroxoline. Any of these drugs must be taken within a week, in difficult cases two weeks. After this course is completed, it is necessary to assign the patient "Kanefron", a course of one or two months. Also, with signs of pyelonephritis in a child, you can drink tea from a kidney collection and a leaf of lingonberry.

If the patient has a fever, you need to drink Paracetamol, Panadol, take antipyretic suppositories and Ibuprofen. If the small patient is worried about severe pain, then you need a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as Ortofen and Voltaren. This type treatment is carried out for a month in a hospital, since the child needs careful care and medication by the hour.

"Flemoklav Solyutab" - reviews, a very good medicine that has few side effects. But his activity is useless if pyelonephritis is caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Then aminoglycosides are prescribed, but due to their enormous toxicity, they are not used for children. If the patient is on an outpatient basis, it is necessary to use ciprofloxacin, in the case of inpatient treatment in the hospital, trovafloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, hemifloxacin, sitafloxacin are prescribed.

Co-trimaxazole is effective in combating positive and negative microflora, with chlamydia and microplasma, but it has many contraindications, therefore, vitamin B ₆ injections are prescribed simultaneously with this antibiotic.

Nitrofurans are very nephrotoxic and have many side effects. Vitamins of group B are pierced with them to remove this factor. These drugs can only be taken orally, they are now prescribed very rarely.

If the disease does not progress and has a mild form in the form of chronic symptoms and sometimes in the form of exacerbation, doctors recommend taking such natural medicines as Urolesan, Kanefron and Fitolizin. These medicines have practically no side effects, but with a purulent form of this disease, they are helpless.

In a severe form of the disease, when both kidneys are inflamed, to remove intoxication from the body, rheosorbylact must be used, it is injected into a vein. Even in such cases, “Enterosgel” is prescribed, but it must be taken orally and three hours after taking the medicines, as it removes their effect on the body. In the form of an anti-inflammatory drug, you need to use "Nimesulide", drink seven days.

When taking urine-excreting drugs such as Veroshpiron, Lasix, and Furosemide, you should also drink Asparkam or Panangin, which resume the presence of potassium in the body. After the patient is discharged from the hospital, a pediatrician monitors him for a month, prescribes treatment, or monitors the completion of the prescribed course of therapy. In addition, during the same time, urine is given for analysis and an ultrasound of the kidneys is done. If patients have acute and chronic forms of the disease, then they are periodically prescribed a course of antibiotics and uroseptics, every month for two weeks.

Alternative treatment

Folk remedies are effective at any time of the year. To improve the treatment of pyelonephritis, folk remedies are used. The most important thing is to choose them in the proper way.

Teas and infusions:

• Figs In milk, cook fig fruits for 20 minutes. Drink two to three glasses a day.
• Tea with lingonberries in the form of prevention, so that there is no exacerbation. Lingonberry leaves (one tablespoon) should be poured with one glass of boiling water. Boil for 5-10 minutes, filter through gauze or bandage. Use two or three tbsp. l three or four times a day.
• Elecampane. Grind the root of elecampane and mix with honey, the calculation is approximately 0.5 liters per glass of root. Consume twice a day.
• Parsley root. You need to take two parsley roots somewhere around seven to eight millimeters, chop and put in a pan, pour 500 milliliters of water and 500 milliliters of milk. Boil and cool. Drink half a glass three times a day. You can drink for a month.
• Aspen Bark. One art. l pour crushed bark into a glass container and pour about 1 cup boiling water, cook for ten minutes. It is necessary to filter and cool after. Drink 3 times a day for 100 grams.
• Propolis. Dry 10 grams of propolis well and grind to powder. Melt 100 g of sunflower oil and then mix the two products, mix well until smooth. Then close the mass and insist 20 minutes. Take a mixture of 1 teaspoon 3 times an hour before meals.
• Oats 200 grams of oats should be boiled in 1 liter of milk, until the liquid somewhere is halved. Drink milk in a quarter cup three times a day.
• Yarrow. 2 tsp grind and then pour one glass of hot water. Then insist for one hour. Drink the whole infusion per day.
• Pine nuts. One glass of the shell, but only young, pour 500 ml of vodka and leave to insist in a dark place for three days. Consume inside for 1 tbsp. l before meals 3 times a day. For each serving, you need to cook with new nuts.
• Highlander bird, also called knotweed, bird buckwheat. Rinse the leaves of grass very well under running water, then grind in a meat grinder or beat in a blender. Dilute the resulting mixture with purified water so that the slurry comes out as mashed potatoes, and then insist for 5 minutes. Then squeeze the grass, squeeze out all the juice. The solution should be taken half a cup before meals. This tool is very effective in the prevention and treatment of cystitis and pyelonephritis.
• Kidney tea. Bearberry leaves, calamus swamp, licorice root - all these ingredients are mixed and poured at the rate of 0.5 liters of water for 3 tsp. mixture, after you need to boil for five minutes. The solution cools, filter. Take a glass half an hour before meals, three times a day for a couple of months.

Juices:

• Cranberry. Survive fresh cranberry juice and consume throughout the day.
• Sea buckthorn or viburnum. Eat fresh berries throughout the day, mixing with honey. According to 1 tbsp. l up to three times a day.
• Mountain ash and potatoes. Squeeze juice from mountain ash and mix with potato juice in an equal dose. Insist for an hour. Drink on an empty stomach in the morning for half a glass.

Prevention

There is a prevention of complications of pyelonephritis in children, which helps to avoid the disease in childhood. It aims to exclude those factors that can contribute to the occurrence of infections in the urinary system:

• The child must comply with hygiene standards and skills, and the task of parents is to teach him this.
• It is necessary to ensure that the child periodically empties the bladder, does not tolerate when it is time to go to the toilet.
• Children should drink in sufficient quantities.
• It is necessary to create comfortable conditions for the child so that there are no drafts in the room and the correct temperature regime is observed.
• Danger to the kidneys of hypothermia.
• A balanced diet will be required. The danger is salty, smoked and fried foods.
• Any inflammatory process that could cause kidney complications should be treated immediately. First of all, it is flu and tonsillitis. Periodic visits to the dentist and timely treatment of dental diseases are necessary. If there are chronic diseases, they should be monitored by a pediatrician.
• It is necessary to constantly strengthen the immune system with the help of a balanced diet with the presence of products containing vitamins and minerals, to create the right sleep and rest regime for the child.
• Provide spa treatment.

The article described the symptoms and treatment of pyelonephritis (ICD-10 code N10-N11).