In the article, we will consider instructions for applying glucose for infusion to a solution. This is a medication intended for carbohydrate nutrition. It has a hydrating and detoxifying effect. Infusion is the intravenous administration of a drug.
Release form
This medication is in the form of a solution for infusion of 5%.
It is represented by a colorless transparent liquid of 1000, 500, 250 and 100 ml in plastic containers, 60 or 50 pcs. (100 ml), 36 and 30 pcs. (250 ml), 24 and 20 pcs. (500 ml), 12 and 10 pcs. (1000 ml) in separate protective bags, which are packaged in cardboard boxes along with the appropriate number of instructions for use.
A 10 percent glucose solution is represented by a colorless, clear liquid of 20 or 24 pcs. in protective bags, 500 ml each in plastic containers, packed in cardboard boxes.
The active component of this medication is dextrose monohydrate, an additional substance is injectable water.
Indications for appointment
What is the product intended for? The glucose solution for infusion is used:
- as a source of carbohydrates;
- as a component of blood-replacing and anti-shock fluids (with collapse, shock);
- as a base solution for diluting and dissolving medications;
- in cases of moderate hypoglycemia (for preventive purposes and for treatment);
- with the development of dehydration (as a result of severe vomiting, diarrhea, as well as in postoperative periods).
Contraindications
The list of contraindications for the use of glucose solution for infusion includes the following conditions:
- hyperlactatemia;
- hypersensitivity to the active substance;
- hyperglycemia;
- intolerance to dextrose;
- state of hyperosmolar coma.
All this is described in detail in the instructions.
For 5% glucose, there is an additional contraindication. It includes diabetes mellitus uncompensated form.
Additionally, for a 10% glucose solution:
- decompensated diabetes mellitus;
- diabetes insipidus;
- severe forms of renal failure (with oliguria or anuria);
- hemodilution and hypervolemia or extracellular hyperhydration;
- decompensated heart failure;
- cirrhosis of the liver, accompanied by ascites;
- generalized edema (including cerebral and pulmonary edema).
Infusion of dextrose solutions in these concentrations is contraindicated within a day after head injuries. In addition, it is necessary to take into account contraindications for drugs added to such solutions.
Use during pregnancy and during breastfeeding is possible according to indications.
Dosage and route of administration
The glucose solution for infusion is administered intravenously. The concentration and dosage of this drug is determined depending on the condition, age and weight of the patient. It is necessary to carefully monitor the level of dextrose in the blood. As a rule, the drug is injected into the peripheral or central vein taking into account the osmolarity of the injected solution. The administration of a 5% hyperosmolar glucose solution can cause phlebitis and vein irritation. If possible, during the use of all parenteral solutions, it is recommended to use filters in the supply line of solutions of infusion systems.
Recommended dosages of glucose solution for adult infusion:
- in the form of a source of carbohydrates and with extracellular isotopic dehydration: with a body weight of 70 kg - from 500 to 3000 ml per day;
- for dilution of parenteral preparations (in the form of a base solution) - from 100 to 250 ml per single dose of the drug.
Recommended dosages for children (including newborns):
- with extracellular isotopic dehydration and as a source of carbohydrates: with a weight of up to 10 kg - 110 ml / kg, 10-20 kg - 1000 ml + 50 ml per kg, more than 20 kg - 1600 ml + 20 ml per kg;
- for dilution of medications (stock solution): 50-100 ml per dose of the drug.
In addition, a 10% solution of the drug is used in therapy and in order to prevent hypoglycemia and during rehydration with fluid loss. Higher daily dosages are determined individually, taking into account age and body weight. The rate of administration of the drug is selected depending on the clinical symptoms and the condition of the patient. To prevent hyperglycemia, it is not recommended to exceed the threshold for dextrose processing, therefore, the rate of administration of the drug should not be higher than 5 mg / kg / minute.
Side effects
The most common adverse reactions to infusion are:
- Hypersensitivity.
- Hypervolemia, hypomagnesemia, hemodilution, hypokalemia, dehydration, hypophosphatemia, hyperglycemia, electrolyte imbalance.
- Anaphylactic reactions.
- Skin rash, excessive sweating.
- Venous thrombosis, phlebitis.
- Polyuria
- Local soreness at the injection site.
- Chills, fever, tremors, fever, febrile reactions.
- Glycosuria.
Similar side effects are possible in patients with an allergy to corn. They can also occur in the form of symptoms of another kind, such as hypotension, cyanosis, bronchospasm, pruritus, angioedema.
Special recommendations for the use of funds
With the development of symptoms or signs of hypersensitivity reactions, administration should be stopped immediately. The drug can not be used if the patient has allergic reactions to corn and its processed products. Taking into account the patient’s clinical condition, peculiarities of his metabolism (threshold for dextrose utilization), speed and volume of infusion, intravenous administration can lead to the development of electrolyte imbalance (namely, hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperhydration and congestion, including symptoms of hyperemia and pulmonary edema), hyperosmolarity, hypoosmolarity, osmotic diuresis and dehydration. Hypoosmotic hyponatremia can provoke headache, nausea, weakness, cramps, cerebral edema, coma and death. With severe symptoms of hyponatremic encephalopathy, emergency medical care is necessary.
An increased risk of developing hypoosmotic hyponatremia is observed in children, the elderly, women, postoperative patients and people with psychogenic polydipsia. The likelihood of developing encephalopathy is slightly higher in children under 16 years of age, premenopausal women, patients with central nervous system diseases and patients with hypoxemia. Regular laboratory tests are needed to monitor changes in fluid levels, electrolytes and acid balance during prolonged parenteral therapy and an assessment of the doses used.
Extreme caution when using this medication
With extreme caution, this medication is prescribed to patients with a high risk of electrolyte and water imbalance, which is aggravated by an increase in the load of free water, the need to use insulin or hyperglycemia. Large volumes are infused under control in patients with symptoms of cardiac, pulmonary or other insufficiency, as well as hyperhydration. With the introduction of a large dose or prolonged use of the medication, it is necessary to control the concentration of potassium in the blood and, if necessary, take potassium preparations.
With caution, the administration of a glucose solution is carried out in patients with severe forms of exhaustion, head injuries, thiamine deficiency, low dextrose tolerance, electrolyte and water imbalances, acute ischemic stroke, and in newborns. In patients with severe depletion, the introduction of nutrition can lead to the development of renewed feeding syndromes, characterized by an increase in intracellular concentrations of magnesium, phosphorus and potassium due to the increased process of anabolism. In addition, thiamine deficiency and fluid retention are possible. To prevent the development of such complications, it is necessary to ensure careful monitoring and increased intake of nutrients, avoiding excessive nutrition.
Drug interaction
Concomitant use of steroids and catecholamines reduces glucose uptake. It is not excluded the effect on the water-electrolyte balance and the appearance of glycemic effects when used together with medications that affect it and have hypoglycemic properties.
The price of glucose solution for infusion
The cost of this pharmacological drug is approximately 11 rubles. It depends on the region and the pharmacy network.
The article provided a description of the glucose solution for infusion.