People who are often ill with colds, or parents of frequently ill children, are familiar with the Ceftriaxone antibiotic. Especially in pediatrics, it is considered the most commonly prescribed because it has a wide spectrum of action. What are the features of the medication and how to properly breed it yourself for intramuscular administration, described below.
Description of the drug
How to breed Ceftriaxone will be described in detail below, but now its features should be analyzed. This antibiotic belongs to the group of cephalosporins and is produced in the form of a powder packaged in ampoules or vials. The dosage of the drug can be 1 g or 0.5 g of the active substance.
The cost of the drug is relatively low and for 1 dose you will have to pay about 20 rubles. An antibiotic is prescribed for both children and very little ones, and the method of its administration depends on the severity of the diagnosis.
The effectiveness of Ceftriaxone is provided by its ability to quickly suppress the synthesis of almost all harmful bacteria known today. The antibiotic does an excellent job with anaerobes, gram-negative aerobes, streptococci, staphylococci and some rare bacteria.
Indications for use
The instruction on how to breed Ceftriaxone also depends on the antibiotic used to treat which disease. Specialists often prescribe it for:
- inflammation of the ENT organs;
- pathologies of the respiratory system;
- diseases of the genitourinary system;
- gynecological infections;
- gastrointestinal diseases;
- infections of the skin and soft tissues;
- salmonellosis;
- syphilis;
- infectious bone damage;
- neurological diseases of an infectious nature;
- before and after surgery to avoid inflammation.
Thus, the appointment of this medication can be done by a doctor in almost any department.
How to breed a drug?
How to dilute Ceftriaxone with water for injection, parents of children up to 1 year old are often interested, since only it can be used as a solvent for babies. Do not mix the powder with anesthetics and allergies. In other cases, for intramuscular administration, the antibiotic is diluted on Lidocaine. In a hospital environment, if necessary, the drug is administered intravenously for dilution, sodium chloride is also used.
In the form of a pure powder, Ceftriaxone can be used to powder bedsores, open wounds, or postoperative sutures.
Before diluting Ceftriaxone with Novocaine or Lidocaine, the patient should definitely do an allergy test, since the reaction to this combination of medications can cause serious reactions up to anaphylactic shock. To do this, the diluted composition is administered in a minimum amount under the skin on the wrist or dripped onto a fresh scratch. If no reaction is observed at the site of exposure for half an hour, you can prescribe a medication course.
Dilution "Lidocaine" 1%
As a solvent for an antibiotic with intramuscular injection, specialists most often prescribe exactly 1% Lidocaine solution. The dosage of the latter in this case depends directly on the prescribed amount of the administered antibiotic. To dilute an ampoule of powder in 500 mg, you need to take 2 ml of solvent for injection. Dilute Ceftriaxone with Lidocaine should be as follows:
- in the prepared syringe, it is necessary to draw the right amount of solvent;
- on the bottle with powder, push back the protective metal cap;
- pierce the rubber stopper with a syringe needle and insert into the vial all 2 ml of Lidocaine;
- shake the bottle well until the powder is completely dissolved;
- select the entire finished solution with a syringe from the container;
- Before the injection, replace the needle with a new one, because when the rubber is punctured, the first one becomes dull.
If necessary, dilute 1 g of "Ceftriaxone" for injection, the actions will be similar, only the solvent needs to be taken 3.5 ml. Most often, “Lidocaine” is taken in an amount of 4 ml, since these are 2 whole ampoules.
How to dilute Ceftriaxone with Lidocaine if you need a single dose of 250 mg? At this dosage, the powder is simply not sold, so you need to take a bottle of 0.5 g and make all the manipulations described above. The only difference is that the finished solution from the vial should be collected in 2 different syringes of 1 ml and used separately.
Dilution "Lidocaine" 2%
Despite the fact that anesthetic is recommended for dilution of the antibiotic at a concentration of 1%, it is most often 2% Lidocaine that is sold in pharmacies. How to breed Ceftriaxone? In this case, to maintain the ratio of antibiotic and solvent, water for injection should be added to the composition. To prepare a solution of a powder of 500 mg, you will need to introduce 1 ml of water and 1 ml of Lidocaine into a vial. For a dose of 1 g, 1.8 ml of water and an anesthetic will be required, but most often the powder is diluted with liquids in equal parts - 2 ml each.
It is important to remember that introducing more than 1 g of the drug into one muscle at a time is not recommended, and when prescribing 2 g of the antibiotic, 2 injections will be required once.
Solution storage
In the treatment of adults, the dosage allows you to prepare solutions always fresh and for single use. In pediatrics, the question of how to breed Ceftriaxone is often closely associated with how to store it later. When prescribing a baby injections of 250 mg, half of the ready-made solution will always remain. The antibiotic retains chemical stability only for 6 hours at room temperature, and since the next injection is done at least 12 hours later, such storage is unacceptable. The way out of this situation is simple - at a temperature of 2-8 degrees Celsius, the drug retains its properties for 24 hours, which means that the finished solution can be stored in the refrigerator until the next use. The downside is that after cooling, the solution can increase pain during administration and even change color, which also signals a slight chemical change. It will not bring harm to health, but the therapeutic effect will be reduced.
Water dilution
There are recommendations in the instructions for use of ceftriaxone injections on how to dilute the drug with injectable water only. This method is necessary in the treatment of babies up to 1 year old and people allergic to anesthetics. The ratio of powder and liquid remains unchanged: for 500 mg, 2 ml of a solution of sodium chloride should be taken. Of course, it should be remembered that the sensations during such injections will be very painful, but to avoid anaphylactic shock this is the only option.
Breeding for infusion
How to dilute Ceftriaxone only with injectable water for infusion alone, you should not be interested. Such procedures should be carried out only in a hospital or, in extreme cases, at home, but by a specialized medical professional.
For the introduction of 1 g of the antibiotic, 100 ml of sodium chloride is taken and administered dropwise for at least 30 minutes. Such a solution is not stored at all and should be used immediately after preparation.
Breeding "Novocain"
How to dilute Ceftriaxone with Lidocaine and water has already been described in detail above, but no recommendations have been made on the use of Novocain. Why? Because many experts have long abandoned this combination. The fact is that Novocain noticeably reduces the activity of this antibiotic, has a high likelihood of an allergic reaction and poorly relieves pain during administration.
Instructions for intramuscular administration
Often, many people give injections on their own or with the help of relatives, so as not to visit the medical institution twice a day, and sometimes thrice. At the same time, the instructions for the use of Ceftriaxone injections (as diluted, described above) have recommendations for administration. This medication should be placed deep in the gluteal muscle, choosing the upper extreme square. The solution should be administered slowly, then the pain becomes minimal.
To avoid the appearance of seals in the injection area, after injections, an iodine mesh should be placed.
When “cones” appear, an alcohol compress can also be used.
Dosage
The antibiotic is prescribed to adults, depending on the diagnosis, 1-2 times a day for 1 or 2 g. The maximum daily dosage is 4 g of the drug. In the treatment of gonorrhea, an injection is given once in a dose of 250 mg. If necessary, reduce the risk of complications during surgery, the injection is placed before the intervention in a dosage of 1 g and, if necessary, after, but as directed by the doctor.
How to breed Ceftriaxone, Lidocaine and water for injection, most often the parents of small patients are interested. The antibiotic dosage for them is prescribed taking into account the weight of the baby. For newborns, this is 20-40 mg per kg of weight, and for elders it is already 25-75 mg, depending on the diagnosis.
The course of treatment can be up to 14 days, but in the treatment of inflammation of the ENT organs or respiratory organs, 5 days is often enough.
Contraindications and features
Being interested in how to breed Ceftriaxone, it should be remembered that it is strictly forbidden to mix with any other antibiotics in one bottle. This leads to crystallization of the drug and an increased risk of allergic reactions.
Contraindications to the drug include:
- hypersensitivity to the active substance;
- hypersensitivity to antibiotics of the penicillin group;
- pregnancy, especially the first trimester;
- lactation (if necessary, breastfeeding should be stopped during treatment);
- renal failure.
In addition, the antibiotic cannot be used in the treatment of premature babies and just born because of the risk of developing their encephalopathy. If necessary, hemodialysis patients should be constantly monitored by medical personnel.
Conclusion
So, the article describes in detail how to dilute Ceftriaxone with Lidocaine and water, why it is not recommended to use Novocain for this, with what diagnoses the drug is prescribed and how to use it correctly. It is important to remember that the self-administration of such serious antibiotics can lead to poor health, especially in children. Of particular danger is the risk of an allergic reaction; moreover, treatment with antibacterial drugs is not always advisable. If the treatment, even prescribed by a specialist, worsens, you should immediately seek medical help. Do not joke with your health, even if the primary signs of the disease seem insignificant.