Dyskinesia is a complex of pathologies of the digestive system associated with impaired coordinated motor acts, usually smooth muscles. At the beginning, the disease may not cause discomfort, but subsequently it leads to serious complications and difficulties in the work of the gastrointestinal tract. Read more about dyskinetic syndrome in this article.
Gastric dyskinesia
This disease leads to a violation of the functions of the contraction of the stomach and is considered one of the most frequent gastroenterological ailments. Most often develops at a young age. Also, the disease is inherent in patients with pathologies of the central nervous system.
Esophagus dyskinesia
Esophageal dyskinetic syndrome is manifested by violations in its motor function, which leads to a slow movement of food from the pharynx to the gastric section and may be accompanied by its reverse movement. This is a fairly common disease, most often it affects women over 30 years old.
Biliary dyskinesia
Another form of dyskinetic syndrome is biliary dyskinesia. At the heart of the pathology is a violation in the work of the sphincters of the bile ducts, as well as the bladder itself. Most often, the disease can be found in women aged twenty to forty years, who are inherent in the asthenic type of physique.
Intestinal dyskinesia
This pathology is characterized by functional bowel disorder, often developing in middle age. The disease is characterized by pain, discomfort in the intestines and a change in stool. The criterion for dyskinetic intestinal syndrome is the persistence of symptoms for three days or more. In this case, medical attention is required.
Dyskinetic syndrome in children
As in adults, children may experience symptoms of dyskinesia. The main reasons for the development of pathology in children are malnutrition, not observing the daily regimen and stressful conditions.
In addition, pathology can occur when taking medications in case of dosage violation. One of the drugs that cause, as a side effect, dyskinetic syndrome in children is Cerucal. After taking this medicine, a number of complications are possible. At the first signs of side effects, you must stop taking the medicine and consult a doctor.
Dyskinetic form of cerebral palsy
Cerebral palsy is a whole group of neurological disorders that occur as a result of damage to the brain structures in a child during pregnancy, as well as in the first weeks of life.
One of the forms of the manifestation of the disease is dyskinetic. It is characterized by the presence of hyperkinesis - involuntary movements. Often, symptoms begin to appear after a year of life. With emotional overstrain, hyperkinesis increases, and at rest or during sleep, they completely disappear. Also, with this form of cerebral palsy, the child's speech is disturbed, ordinary words are pronounced slowly and not quite clearly. But intelligence does not suffer.
Causes
The reasons for the development of esophageal dyskinesia include:
- congenital pathologies;
- alcohol abuse
- frequent stress;
- age-related changes.
Also, pathology can occur against the background of other diseases, such as hernia, neoplasm, ulcer, esophagitis, muscular dystrophy, diabetes mellitus and dysfunction of the central nervous system.
Causes of dyskinetic stomach syndrome:
- diseases of the central nervous system;
- disturbances in the work of the gastrointestinal department;
- pathology of the heart and blood vessels;
- rheumatic diseases;
- allergies
- avitominosis;
- malnutrition;
- stress
- bad habits;
- the use of certain medications.
The causes of biliary dyskinesia include:
- congenital malformations;
- helminthic infestations;
- frequent stress;
- pathology of the gastrointestinal tract;
- sexual disorders;
- endocrine system diseases;
- allergic reactions;
- excess weight.
The main factors in which intestinal dyskinesia develops are considered: acute or chronic stress. Risk categories include people with:
- genetic predisposition;
- neurotic warehouse;
- increased anxiety;
- with infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Treatment
For the treatment of esophageal pathology, sedative and antispasmodic drugs are used. With insufficient effectiveness of drug therapy and the presence of complications, surgery can be used.
Dyskinesia of the stomach is treated with sedatives, and with pathology of the secretory function of the stomach, enzymes are prescribed. Physiotherapy is also effective: electrophoresis, paraffin therapy, mud applications, ozokerite therapy.
Treatment of biliary dyskinesia begins with the clarification and elimination of the cause of its occurrence. When treating with drugs, cholagogue, enzyme preparations and neurotropic drugs are prescribed. A positive effect is given by physiotherapy:
- applications of paraffin and ozokerite;
- massage procedures;
- electrophoresis;
- Microwave therapy.
Treatment of intestinal dyskinesia depends on the course of the disease. With a predominance of constipation, laxatives are used, in the case of a predominance of diarrhea, antidiarrheal drugs. In mixed form, antispasmodic and anticholinergic drugs are prescribed. In some cases, the attending physician may prescribe the use of neuropreparations and antidepressants, as well as send an appointment with a psychologist.
Symptoms
Esophageal dyskinesia has the following symptoms:
- belching;
- feeling of heaviness after eating;
- the penetration of food into the respiratory tract;
- inflammation of the mucous membrane of the esophagus.
In the hypermotor form of dyskinesia, the following symptoms are usually present: pain in the sternum, difficulty swallowing. Pain sensations resemble an attack of angina pectoris, and cease after taking a sip of water. A foreign body sensation in the esophagus may also appear. Symptoms are exacerbated by alcohol abuse and smoking.
Dyskinesia of the stomach is diagnosed by pain, without a clear localization. The pain can last from several minutes to several weeks, and be cramping, pressing and aching. In the clinical picture are also present: heartburn, belching and nausea. At night, the symptoms subside.
With any form of dyskinesia, a sparing diet and fractional nutrition are prescribed.
The main sign of biliary dyskinesia is considered pain in the epigastrium, as well as from the right hypochondrium. Pain can be given to the right shoulder blade and shoulder.
With the hypokinetic form of biliary dyskinesia, the pain is constant and not intense, it can be dull, aching, accompanied by a feeling of heaviness.
With dyskinetic intestinal syndrome appear: diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, a feeling of incomplete bowel movement. Pain can intensify after eating, subside after bowel movements and gas discharge. Mucus may be present in feces.
Complications
With dyskinetic syndrome of the esophagus, a serious complication may be the penetration of the contents of the stomach into the respiratory tract. This can lead to pneumonia and the development of bronchitis.
Against the background of biliary dyskinesia, gastritis, cholecestitis, cholangitis and cholelithiasis can develop.
Intestinal dyskinesia threatens with ulcers, gastritis and neoplasms.
Prevention
Experts recommend the following preventive measures in order to prevent dyskinetic syndrome:
- eat properly;
- avoid excessive physical exertion;
- reduce the effect of stress on the body;
- observe the daily routine;
- get rid of bad habits.
Reviews
According to reviews on the Web, it can be concluded that the disease can be treated successfully. Many people who have experienced dyskinesia say that, following all the recommendations of doctors, they cured the pathology. Of great importance in therapy is the implementation of all the recommendations of doctors and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.