A healthy person is characterized by renal mobility. Normally, it manifests itself to a small extent. However, if the displacement is greater than the length of one vertebra, then they speak of a pathological condition. Next, we consider this violation in more detail.
Nephroptosis 1-2 degrees: general information
At the initial stage, the pathology is almost asymptomatic. As a rule, patients turn to a specialist when nephroptosis of the 2nd degree kidney occurs. The third stage of the pathology begins when the organ "rolls out" from its stationary position at any position of the trunk. If the outcome is unfavorable, the kidney may even “slip” into the small pelvis. Therapy should be started as soon as possible.
Pathology prevalence
A specific structure is characteristic of the kidneys, especially the right one. She has significantly weaker ligaments. In this regard, nephroptosis of the 2nd degree on the right is often diagnosed. Pathology most often occurs in women. This is due to the fact that many of them devote a rather long period in their lives to various diets. And the kidneys are in place held by adipose tissue. Muscle tone is also of great importance. In women, it is significantly lower than in men.
Disease Description
Renal nephroptosis is considered a rather dangerous pathology. In the process of movement from his bed there is a displacement, and the body finds a new place. This area is much lower than normal.
First stage
Stage 1 nephroptosis appears for a variety of reasons. Among the provoking factors, experts note infectious lesions, a sharp uncontrolled weight loss, weakening the abdominal wall. In many patients, nephroptosis appears as a result of injuries. The pathological condition develops due to the formation of a hematoma in the upper region, which provokes the displacement of the organ from its normal position.
Among the first symptoms, there is a slight soreness, worsening over time. On examination, nephroptosis of the 1st degree is detected by palpation. In the process of inspiration, the lowered organ is well felt. When you exhale, the kidney disappears in the hypochondrium. It should be said that in patients in a healthy state it is impossible to feel the kidney. It is extremely rare that an organ is palpated in severely exhausted people, but healthy at the same time.
The second stage of pathology: the clinical picture
As a rule, patients visit a doctor when the ailment already has sufficiently pronounced symptoms. Nephroptosis of the right kidney of the 2nd degree is accompanied by aching (pulling) pain in the corresponding hypochondrium. The symptom occurs due to the omission of the organ into two vertebrae when taking the vertical position of the trunk. If the patient lies down, the organ moves into place.
Nephroptosis of the 2nd degree is often accompanied by colic, a general deterioration. When urinating, blood can be detected in the urine, especially after severe physical exertion. The soreness that appears in the back extends to the abdomen. In this regard, nephroptosis of the 2nd degree is quite simple to confuse with attacks of appendicitis. Often, pathology is accompanied by constipation and indigestion. Some patients have hyperthermia, loss of appetite, blanching of the skin. The following symptoms may also indicate grade 2 nephroptosis:
- Insomnia.
- Frequent heartbeat.
- Hysteria and anxiety.
- Apathy.
- Dizziness.
- Nausea.
All of these symptoms may be signs of other diseases. In this regard, a differential diagnosis is carried out in the hospital.
Research methods
For an accurate diagnosis are assigned:
- Ultrasound of the kidneys.
- Blood test (general).
- Biochemical study.
- X-ray
In the event of difficulties in making a diagnosis, a specialist can prescribe additional measures - MRI and CT.
Causes of the disease
As mentioned above, pathology is more considered female than male. In addition, the frequency of occurrence of the disease in women is explained by a different body constitution. In particular, women have a wider pelvis. In addition, the likelihood of developing certain violations is higher. For example, after a difficult birth or due to hormonal disruptions. During pregnancy, muscle tone is significantly reduced. This increases the risk of kidney displacement. Multiple pregnancy is of particular danger.
Despite their internal location, the kidneys are very susceptible to injury. To damage the ligaments that hold the organs in a normal position, one awkward fall is enough.
A true sign of the development of the disease is considered pathology in the ligamentous apparatus of an innate nature. However, in practice there are situations when the omission of the organ occurs for unclear reasons. In this case, it is believed that nephroptosis of the 2nd degree is due to the genetic predisposition of the patient.
What are the consequences of pathology?
Nephroptosis of the 2nd degree is dangerous with the probability of turning the organ around the axis. This is accompanied by bending of the artery and vein. As a result, the lumen narrows, and the vessels themselves begin to stretch. This leads to violations in the influx and outflow of blood, which, in turn, provokes an increased production of renin. This substance causes an increase in pressure.
Nephroptosis of the 2nd degree is accompanied by an excess of the ureter. As a result, outflow of urine is difficult. Pathogenic microorganisms begin to multiply actively in stagnant fluid. They can provoke pyelonephritis. It also often causes the appearance of kidney stones. Such pathological processes can lead to adhesion of the organ capsule. As a result, the kidney is in the wrong anatomical position, therefore, fixed nephroptosis appears. During pregnancy, pathology can even cause a miscarriage.
Nephroptosis 2 degrees: treatment
Therapeutic measures are selected according to how much the patient’s life is at risk. The kidney can move to the most unpredictable area. However, this is not an indication for surgery. For patients with grade 2 nephroptosis, treatment is usually prescribed as a complex. It involves taking medication and performing some exercises. Medicines are prescribed by the doctor, determining the scheme of their use individually. Exercise therapy for grade 2 nephroptosis is also indicated. Exercise helps strengthen the muscles of the peritoneum. Activities contribute to the fixation of the kidney in a normal position. It is also recommended that patients wear a special bandage. It provides support to the body, preventing its "wandering". One of the therapeutic methods to alleviate the condition of the patient is massage.
Surgical intervention
It is prescribed if drug therapy and exercise therapy for grade 2 nephroptosis were ineffective. The operation will prevent the subsequent development of pathology. Today, interventions without incisions are performed almost everywhere. Punctures are made on the patient’s body. Through them, tools and a camera are introduced inside. Thanks to the transfer of the image to the monitor, the specialist is able to accurately perform surgical procedures and fix the organ in the right position using tissues. Such surgery reduces the recovery period by several times and reduces the likelihood of complications.
Responsible period
Nephroptosis of the 2nd degree is not considered a contraindication to pregnancy. Nevertheless, during gestation, women should carefully monitor their health and not ignore the doctor's recommendations. In the case of even minor changes in the functioning of the body, you need to contact a specialist.