One of the problems associated with the process of urination is urinary retention, or ischuria in another way. This pathological condition can occur in the entire population, but most often men are affected. Persons suffering from such an ailment are not able to completely empty their bladder, or urine comes out drop by drop and with great difficulty. A person may assume the presence of this disease, if his stomach begins to increase, discomfort occurs in the lower abdomen, urge to urinate has become more frequent. What reasons lead to the development of ischuria, why is it dangerous for men and is it possible to cure it?
Types of disease
There are different types of urinary retention, which occur in different ways. It is acute and chronic (complete and incomplete), as well as paradoxical.
Acute complete ischuria appears unexpectedly. Painful sensations arise in the abdomen or bladder, and there is a feeling of overflow of the latter. Urge to urinate. Incomplete acute form leads to the release of urine in a very small amount.
Chronic ischuria is a pathology that can be completely asymptomatic for some time, but as it develops, it begins to manifest itself more and more, recalling itself. The full form is characterized by the fact that a person cannot independently carry out the process of urination, only the catheter installed in the urethra helps him in this. With an incomplete chronic form, a man is able to empty himself, but not completely, and part of the urine remains in the bladder.
There is such a variety as paradoxical ischuria. It is characterized by the fact that the bladder begins to stretch very strongly, there is atony and an excessive increase in sphincters, which is why the man is not able to go to the toilet himself. That is why the paradoxical ischuria leads to the fact that urine begins to stand out in drops from the urethra.
Causes of acute ischuria
Acute urinary retention occurs suddenly. Basically, it is a complication of prostate adenoma. With the growth of this benign tumor, the urethral section passing through the prostate begins to change: it is elongated and curved. This leads to the fact that urine begins to linger in the urethra, and its outflow is carried out with great difficulty. Prostate adenoma leads to edema of the gland itself and an increase in its size, which also contributes to the occurrence of acute ischuria.
In addition, the following events lead to the formation of pathology:
- injuries to the spinal cord or brain;
- surgery on the spine or abdominal organs, as a result of which the patient is prescribed a prolonged bed rest;
- severe intoxication;
- hypothermia of the body;
- forced delay in the act of urination;
- multiple sclerosis;
- overdose of sleeping pills;
- poisoning with narcotic substances;
- physical stress and stress;
- penetration of blood clots into the bladder in a man.
Causes of chronic ischuria
This form of urinary retention is formed as a result of exposure to the following pathological factors:
- Injury or damage to the urethra or bladder.
- Blockage of the organs responsible for urine excretion. The lumen of the channel can be closed as a result of a stone or other foreign body falling into it. Usually, either the vesicourethral segment or the urethra itself becomes clogged. In the first case, this may occur due to a malignant tumor of the bladder, polyp, or congenital violation of patency of the segment. In the second case, blockage occurs due to protrusion of one of the walls of the bladder or narrowing of the lumen of the urethra.
- Bladder Compression It is caused by pathologies of the genital organs, such as prostatitis, balanoposthitis, cancer, phimoses, and sclerosis of the prostate. The bladder in a man can also be squeezed due to pathologies of organs located in the pelvis. These include pathology of the perineum, a hernia in the groin, cancer of the rectum, aneurysms of the hypogastric arteries.
In addition, the chronic form appears in diseases of the central nervous system, for example, neurogenic bladder dysfunction. In this case, spastic ischuria occurs, in which this organ contracts, and the urethral sphincter relaxes involuntarily.
Diagnostics
If you find at least one of the listed symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor who will conduct the necessary studies and make the correct diagnosis.
First, the specialist studies the history of the disease and complaints, as well as the patient’s lifestyle. After this, the doctor examines the patient, probing the lower abdomen with an enlarged bladder. This diagnostic method allows you to distinguish ischuria from anuria, in which there is no urination at all.
The patient must pass a general blood test to determine the signs of the inflammatory process, and due to a general urinalysis, pathological changes in the kidneys and bladder are revealed.
A biochemical blood test determines whether there are any abnormalities in the work of the kidneys.
Ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity, carried out after the patient urinates, allows you to measure the amount of urine that remains in the bladder after urination.
How is ishuria treated?
This disease is most often treated by catheterization. The essence of this procedure is as follows: a special metal catheter is inserted into the bladder through the urethra, which helps urine to escape from this organ. There are these devices and rubber. At the end of the catheter there is a bend resembling a beak, allowing it to better pass to the bladder. It can be in the body of a man from a day to two weeks. After the onset of improvement, a person begins to urinate normally without any delay. For a greater effect, the doctor can simultaneously prescribe alpha-blockers, which also treat prostate adenoma, with this procedure.
In addition, urine can be removed from the bladder using capillary puncture. In this case, a patient under anesthesia is injected with a long needle 1.5 cm above the pubis and a depth of 5 cm. The outer end of the needle should have a soft tube. This instrument should enter the bladder to help urine flow out of it through the tube. As soon as the organ is freed from urine, the needle is removed. This procedure is performed several times a day.
Complications
In the absence of timely diagnosis and treatment of ischuria, the following complications may occur:
- renal failure;
- pyelonephritis;
- cystitis;
- macrohematuria;
- the formation of stones.
Output
Thus, now it became clear what is ishuria. This is a urinary retention that occurs in acute and chronic form. It is necessary to diagnose the disease in a timely manner and treat it in time. For this, doctors should choose the most suitable way so that in the future the man does not have problems with urination.