Mushrooms are considered to be the most protein product in which there are even more useful substances than in meat or eggs. Moreover, they are an indispensable ingredient in most diet foods, as their calorie content is negligible.
Mushroom categories
By itself, this product has a very great nutritional value. Mushrooms not only add flavor and a pleasant aftertaste to dishes, but also are extremely beneficial for the body. The main role in human nutrition is played by fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Just these components abound in mushrooms, along with vitamins and minerals.
One of the advantages of mushrooms is that they do not have plant starch, but there is a lot of sugar and glycogen, especially in oils and boletus. White, in turn, is considered the most nutritious and protein. Edible mushrooms can be consumed both fried and boiled. But in any case, they must first be thoroughly washed and peeled.
Mushrooms are usually divided into categories:
- The first includes the most delicious and valuable species, such as white and mushrooms.
- The second category includes aspen mushrooms, mushrooms and boletus.
- The third includes very medium to taste mushrooms. Their composition and calorie content is slightly worse and lower than that of representatives of the two previous categories. This is an autumn honey agaric, a blue russula, a flywheel, etc.
- Oyster mushrooms, swamp oil, green russula and others belong to the last group of mushrooms by nutritional value. Representatives of this category are popular only among amateurs and budget buyers.
What are the benefits of mushrooms
Studies show that people who regularly eat them have 65 percent less cancer than everyone else. The use of mushrooms for the body has been proven more than once. No wonder they constantly have a place in the diet. Mushrooms are also useful in diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, blood pressure. Even in ancient China, healers used their fat to treat flu, ulcers and cirrhosis.
The composition of the white fungus includes a large amount of protein and glycogen, which are necessary for the normal functioning of all internal organs of a person. People using this variety are less likely to suffer from migraines, heart failure, and sclerosis. The recommended daily dose is 1 teaspoon of porcini mushroom powder.
Boletus is ideal for cleansing blood of cholesterol. Chanterelles are considered an excellent way to get rid of intestinal parasites. Also, these mushrooms are useful for tonsillitis and furunculosis. Redheads have a restorative effect on the body. They are consumed raw, cut into slices and seasoned with salt.
Honey mushrooms are an anti-cancer agent, and are also often used as a laxative. The fact is that these mushrooms have a unique hematopoietic ability, so they are indispensable for a diet with leukemia. Berezovik (chaga) grows directly on tree trunks. It is used as a tincture to strengthen immunity and prevent tumor diseases. The composition of the Boletovy family mushrooms (such as oil) includes a special resinous substance that can save a person from severe headaches. Often they are used as a prophylactic for colds.
Composition of mushrooms
Their main and most important component is protein. The amount of this substance in mushrooms is greater than in peas and meat. In addition, the composition also includes nitrogenous compounds used in medicine for the prevention of various diseases.
The porcini mushroom contains up to 5% protein, the boletus - up to 4%, but the giant raincoat (with 6.5%) is the leader in this race. It has been proven that most vitamins are found in hats. In turn, the legs contain a large amount of fatty acids and enzymes. Also, the composition of mushrooms includes various extractive substances, trace elements and fats.
Of the carbohydrates, glycogen and sugar are worth highlighting. It is these components that give the mushrooms a sweetish aftertaste. Most glycogen is found in
tubular mushrooms, for example, in boletus and oils. In addition to all of the above, the composition of mushrooms includes animal starch, so useful for the body.
The calorie content of mushrooms
Many women who are watching their figure are interested in the energy value of the foods they eat. The calorie content of mushrooms is so small that they can be consumed in large portions daily, unless there is an allergic reaction. However, their nutritional value is comparable to bread products and many vegetables.
The best option for any diet would be ceps. The composition and calorie content cannot be overestimated. In 100 grams of ceps, the energy value is only 35 cal. As for the most low-calorie species, we can distinguish nigella, which contains about 10 cal.
It is important to understand that fried or
baked mushrooms have significantly more energy value than raw and boiled
mushrooms . When steaming, their caloric value is equal to 50, and when frying - to 150 and above.
Mushrooms in Dietetics
Oyster mushrooms and champignons contain a minimum of fat compared to other species, but the amount of protein in them is much greater. These mushrooms are widespread in strict diets aimed at regulating metabolism and lowering cholesterol. Many gastrologists advise them as a substitute for meat products.
The use of mushrooms in the fight against extra pounds is their low calorie content and high nutritional value. Tea varieties are very effective for weight loss, as they have many biological components that are useful for the intestines and stomach. These mushrooms allow you to speed up the metabolism in a short time. It is recommended to eat at least 300 grams of wet weight per week.
In Tibetan medicine, milk mushrooms are widespread. From ancient times, monks used this variety to treat ulcers and cancerous tumors. In dietetics, milk mushroom is allowed only in fermented form.
Ceps: tips
This mushroom is rightly considered the king of the plant world. It is not only nutritious and aromatic, but also very useful due to the large number of protein compounds.
Cep itself has a yellowish or brown color. It stands out from the rest with a large hat and a thick leg. Its dimensions can reach up to 40 cm in diameter. The height of the largest specimens is 30 cm.
It is worth noting that the porcini mushroom is easily confused with inedible analogues. The fundamental difference in the pulp. In ceps, it is light gray in color. Inedible varieties are not suitable for cooking.
The composition and calorie content of porcini mushrooms
Representatives of this family are wonderful stimulants of taste, as they contribute to the improvement of the secretion of juices in the stomach. That is why they are so often added to various dishes instead of meat.
The chemical composition of porcini mushrooms includes vitamins such as B1, C and D. In addition, they contain a lot of carotene and riboflavin, which strengthen hair, skin and nails, as well as normalize the activity of the thyroid gland.
The composition of the cep is rich in sulfur, lecithin and polysaccharide, which cleanse the blood of cholesterol. It is worth noting a large amount of protein. Ceps have antitumor, antimicrobial and tonic properties. Their antioxidants enhance the defense of the immune system, and numerous enzymes help break down excess fats and fiber.
100 grams of net weight contains up to 35 calories.
Champignons: tips
These mushrooms are difficult to confuse with any other species. Their sizes (under favorable conditions for growth) can reach 25 cm. Color - milky. The hat is round, smooth, and the leg is flat, with a ring in the middle. The pulp is dense, white.
Mushrooms can be eaten raw, but they can not be stored for a long time in the fresh air. They have a lot of vitamins and useful substances such as calcium, zinc, phosphorus and many others. The best way to cook is frying.
The composition and calorie content of champignons
In addition to proteins and carbohydrates, they contain ash compounds, fatty acids, minerals and dietary fiber. Also, about 20 amino acids, such as cysteine, lysine, tryptophan, etc. are part of mushrooms of champignons. Antibiotics are made from the pulp of some members of the family.
The chemical composition of this species is rich in vitamins B, C, E, PP, calcium, chlorine, zinc, sodium, fluorine, potassium, phosphorus and iodine.
One of the advantages of champignons is their low energy value, which does not exceed 27 calories per 100 grams.
Contraindications and harm
When collecting or buying mushrooms, you should be not only selective, but also attentive. Concerns about possible harm are not groundless. The fact is that fungi are paramount natural sorbents, since they absorb such toxic substances as mercury, strontium, cesium and others. They can also incorporate lead and heavy metals, which are so harmful to the human body.
The composition of mushrooms is often diluted with toxic substances, which in concentration are greater than in many inedible species. Therefore, you should never collect or buy them in industrial areas. In any case, for children under 12 years of age, mushrooms in the diet are strictly contraindicated, since in the young body there are still not enough enzymes for their quick digestion.