Sinusitis is a serious enough purulent disease of the sinuses. For its complete cure, complex therapy is prescribed. Sinusitis injections in it today are not mandatory, but rather an extreme measure. Injections are resorted to if the disease has dragged on, is "overgrown" with complications, and the patient's general well-being is getting worse. In other cases, sprays, drops, tablets are quite effective. In the article we will consider the main drugs that are introduced for sinusitis, the features of their use, effectiveness, contraindications and other important information.
When are injections prescribed?
Sinusitis injections are prescribed by a doctor only in case of a disease caused by a fungal, viral or bacterial infection. Usually it follows a cold, a bad cold, SARS, accompanied by a severe headache, extremely unpleasant sensations in the area of ​​the sinuses.
The main indication for injections from sinusitis is the presence of pathogenic microflora. Then the specialist determines the type of pathogen, its susceptibility to certain drugs, in order to choose the most suitable variant of the administered antibiotic. Initially, these are oral agents. If they are ineffective, then they turn directly to injections from sinusitis.
The main indications for this disease for injection:
- The inability to use other drugs.
- Inefficiency (or lack of the expected effect) from taking antibiotic tablets.
- Severe form of the disease with severe symptoms of intoxication.
- Involvement in the inflammatory process of neighboring organs and tissues. For example, the parallel development of bronchitis, otitis media, etc.
- A disease in an advanced stage, requiring urgent medical attention, antibacterial counteraction.
- High risk of complications. Here injections of antibiotics for sinusitis are the most effective measure.
- The development of the disease after surgical (surgical) intervention.
- The presence of a number of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the patient, in which oral administration of antibiotics is extremely undesirable.
Types of injection
According to reviews, injections with sinusitis are most often done intramuscularly. That is, the standard and familiar introduction of the drug into the gluteal muscle.
However, intravenous injections can be prescribed - both drip and jet administration. This method is chosen extremely rarely - only for the most severe and advanced cases, in the presence of a number of complications of the disease.
Pros of the treatment method
The injections in the treatment of sinusitis have several advantages as a type of introduction of antibiotic drugs into the body. Here are the main advantages that experts everywhere say:
- The rapid manifestation of the effect of such a treatment.
- The possibility of introducing the exact dose of the drug.
- The product will not be exposed to enzymes of the gastrointestinal system. In this case, bypassing the digestive tract, the medicine immediately enters the bloodstream. And this greatly increases its effectiveness.
- The method is suitable for patients of almost any age.
- If a person is unconscious, struck by serious illnesses, then this is the only method of administering the drug.
- In this way, drugs can be administered whose beneficial properties are destroyed by the action of digestive tract enzymes.
- Great for people suffering from gastrointestinal tract diseases. Antibiotics in this case do not irritate organs, do not lead to serious negative consequences. This advantage applies to healthy people. The beneficial intestinal microflora when injected will not be destroyed under the influence of an antibiotic.
Cons of treatment
At the same time, injections of antibiotics for sinusitis in adults and children are an imperfect method of therapy. Like all other methods of treatment, this one has its own disadvantages:
- The procedure is painful. This factor is especially negative for young children and patients hypersensitive to pain.
- The injection should take place under aseptically ideal conditions, in a special treatment room. Otherwise, there is a high risk of infection.
- If intravenous administration is used, then due to carelessness, unprofessionalism of the health care provider, clogging of the vessel with air bubbles or particles of undissolved drug may occur.
- A specially trained worker is required to inject.
- The substance must be manufactured under special conditions guaranteeing sterility.
Antibiotic Injection Groups
Almost any kind of antibiotic drug exists in the form of an injection. Necessary for a specific course of sinusitis is selected theoretically on the basis of laboratory analysis - bacterial culture. The study allows you to determine the type of pathogen, its sensitivity to drugs.
However, the minus of the sowing is that it is a rather long procedure - you have to wait several days for the results. And for the patient, such an expectation is fraught with complications, deterioration. Therefore, in practice, specialists most often choose one or another type of antibiotic, based on data on the most common pathogenic microorganisms in a particular region, at a particular time.
In total, the main varieties of injections used for sinusitis are three:
- Penicillins.
- Macrolides (and lincosamides).
- Cephalosporins.
There are also so-called hot injections. All of these varieties are discussed in detail below.
Penicillins
What injections to do with sinusitis? Even in the recent past, both physicians and laymen would first mention penicillin injections. However, today such specialists are trying to prescribe such forms to patients less and less. The reason is simple: high resistance (addiction) of harmful microorganisms to penicillins, a frequent manifestation of allergic reactions.
There is one more feature. A large number of penicillins must be administered every four hours to maintain the necessary concentration of the active component in the blood. This is applicable only for inpatient treatment, inconvenient for the patient.
A separate group are penicillins protected by clavulanic acid. They are distinguished by a wider range of effects on pathogens. Most common in oral forms. However, an injection is possible, but only intravenously.
The names of antibiotics for injections with sinusitis and a brief description of the drugs, see below:
- Ampicillin. Means for intramuscular administration. Prevents the synthesis of pathogens, reduces the activity of their life. Exposure leads to the death of bacteria, viruses and fungi.
- Amoxicillin. Refers to first-generation drugs. This traditional method should not be abused - bacteria quickly lose their sensitivity to it, and the patient may develop an allergic reaction.
- Amoxiclav. The combined remedy (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid). It has the widest range of effects in the group.
Macrolides
Another common name for sinus injections. Basically, they are prescribed for an allergic reaction to penicillins in history.
What is the difference between these elements? They quietly adapt to the pathogenic microflora, and then destroy it. Their greatest activity is observed in relation to streptococci, moraxella.
A group close to macrolides is lincosamides. These agents have both bactericidal and bacteriostatic (prevent relapse, the return of microorganisms) effect. It is important to note that they are incompatible with penicillins! These drugs are prohibited for children, pregnant women, mothers during lactation. Lincomycin injections for sinusitis are prescribed without contraindications.
The course of treatment here is relatively short - 3-4 days.
The main injections of macrolides are as follows:
- "Azithromycin". A widespread remedy for maxillary sinus inflammation. When blood enters, it is immediately taken “for work”. The tool has virtually no side effects.
- Erythromycin. It is considered a medicine with an average level of exposure. Cannot resist gram-negative organisms. For a person, it manifests itself with such side effects as gastrointestinal tract disorders, vomiting, and liver damage.
- Clarithromycin. It belongs to the second generation macrolides. Effectively fights with almost all pathogens of the chronic form of sinusitis.
Cephalosporins
It is this category of drugs that doctors most often prescribe for patients with maxillary sinus inflammation. Cephalosporins are able to destroy gram-negative microorganisms, their bactericidal effect is detrimental to almost all pathogens of sinusitis.
Least popular for this disease are first-generation drugs. Their main example is Cefazolin. It has a narrow spectrum of effects, is powerless against gram-negative organisms. Assign only if the bacteria are sensitive to this component.
The third generation products are better known. They are highly active against gram-positive, and against gram-negative pathogens. They are divided into two main groups:
- Cefotaximes. This is “Fagotsef”, “Clarofan”, “Sefotak”, “Laroxim”.
- Ceftriaxones. These are “Rocefin”, “Protsef”, “Tertsef”, “Tsefogram”, “Medaxon”, “Lendatsin” and so on.
Represent the most popular cephalosporins in domestic medicine:
- Ceftriaxone. Reviews about injections for sinusitis of this category are mostly controversial. This is mainly due to a large number of side effects - in some cases it can cause hepatitis, jaundice, and disturbances in the functioning of the digestive tract. Contraindicated in pregnancy. It is a powder product that must be diluted with water and a portion of lidocaine or novocaine in a syringe before administration.
- "Cefoxitin". Refers to the means of the second generation. This drug is well tolerated by the human body. Most active against Escherichia coli, gonococci, enterobacteria.
- "Cefuroxime". An antibacterial agent that has a wide range of effects - salmonella, E. coli, streptococci, staphylococci.
Hot injections
What is the reason for such an unusual name for injections? With the introduction of the drug, a strong fever appears throughout the body. The product contains a solution of salts - organic and inorganic. The procedure is indicated to improve blood circulation, which stimulates recovery. It is carried out only in a hospital, under the supervision of a specialist.
To avoid side effects (dizziness, nausea, tremor), the patient must lie down for some time after the procedure. The latter is contraindicated in pregnancy, pathologies of the kidneys, liver, heart, patient taking glycosides.
There are several varieties of "hot" injections:
- Calcium gluconate. Injections for sinusitis of this type are auxiliary. They are prescribed if the capillaries, small blood vessels of the maxillary sinuses are damaged by inflammation. Calcium gluconate relieves swelling, returns elasticity to the vascular walls. It is important to note that it is also an anti-allergenic drug.
- Calcium chloride. Extremely useful for stimulating cardiac activity. Improves blood coagulation, promotes good elasticity of blood vessels, has anti-allergenic effects. It is also prescribed in the form of an auxiliary medicine.
- "Dexamethasone". Refers to glucocorticosteroids of the synthetic group. It is prescribed for complex forms of sinusitis - the drug has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. The minimum dosage helps to cope with the outbreak in the shortest possible time. However, its frequent use is extremely harmful - Dexamethasone is addictive. Acute inflammation and its analogues, such as Prednisolone and Beclomethasone Dipropionate, are also struggling with the same effectiveness.
- Magnesia. The drug is almost always administered intramuscularly. It relaxes the walls of blood vessels, counteracts convulsions. Improves blood circulation, expanding arteries.
Puncture injections
We have listed the names of antibiotics for sinusitis for injections for adults and children. However, injections should not be confused with a puncture injection. This is the puncture of the maxillary sinus in order to clean it from pus.
In severe cases, doctors make an incision. Through it, the accumulated purulent mass is removed. Only after this procedure will the medication be effective.
Basic instruction
Important regulations:
- Antibiotic injections are prescribed only by the attending doctor! He also prescribes the dosage, the frequency of maintenance, the duration of the course.
- These funds are not suitable for self-medication! It is also unacceptable to make your own changes to the treatment regimen drawn up by a doctor.
- The course of treatment must be completed in its entirety - even with an apparent recovery.
- The introduction of the solution - a disposable syringe, in a treatment room.
- Pay great attention to contraindications, side effects in the instructions.
- Before the first administration of the drug, it is important to conduct an allergic test on it. The same goes for adjuvants (lidocaine, novocaine).
Sinus injections are an effective but extreme method of therapy. The type of injection, the duration of the course of treatment, the dosage are selected exclusively by the attending physician.