In the article, we consider the instructions for "Glucobuy".
A medication is an oral drug that is widely used in the treatment of diabetes. What is this ailment?
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an insulin-independent pathology.
Type 2 diabetes is an endocrine disease in which a violation of the sensitivity to the action of insulin occurs in the tissues of the body. The high productivity of pancreatic β-cells provoked by the disease depletes the resource of cells, the production of insulin begins to decrease, which leads to the need for its injection. The disease often begins after 40 years. The occurrence of the disease is caused only by intravital health disorders and is not dependent on genetic disorders. Most patients have an increased body mass index.
Classification of ailment
The disease has, according to international classification, its own code and description. The ICD-10 code for type 2 diabetes will be presented below.
The main reason for this pathology is overweight, so people who are predisposed to this problem should constantly monitor their blood sugar. Initial symptoms:
- frequent urination;
- excessive and intense thirst;
- insatiable hunger.
As for the additional signs, they are a variety of changes in the body that occur due to this pathological process.
The treatment of type 2 diabetes prescribed after diagnosis (which, unlike type 1 diabetes, is not insulin-dependent) provides for a large selection of methods consisting of both folk recipes and medications. The main emphasis is on lifestyle changes in terms of diet. Medical practice shows that this therapeutic approach often gives positive results if the patient conscientiously fulfills all the recommendations.
The assigned codes should also be noted:
- The ICD-10 code for type 2 diabetes mellitus is E10.
- Non-insulin-dependent diabetes is assigned the code E11.
- Code E12 describes diabetes, which occurs due to malnutrition (gestational type).
- Code E14 denotes all conditions relating to unspecified forms of the pathological process.
Pharmacological properties of the drug
As the instructions for Glucobuy indicate, the active component of this drug is acarbose. This substance contributes to the inhibition of the enzymatic conversion of sucrose into glucose, which significantly reduces its absorption into the blood from the digestive system.
The medicine “Glucobay” is prescribed by the attending specialist when the special health food did not give the expected antidiabetic result. This medicine is used as a monotherapeutic drug or in combination with insulin and other pharmacological agents.
“Glucobai”, the use of which requires dieting and special physical activity, with regular use, reduces the likelihood of attacks of hypo- and hyperglycemia, the risk of developing myocardial infarction and other chronic cardiovascular pathologies. The effect of the active component of this drug is based on a pronounced decrease in the functionality of alpha-glucosidase and a prolongation of the absorption time of glucose in the intestine. Thus, the drug reduces its concentration in the blood after a meal and reduces the level of daily fluctuations in plasma glucose levels.
According to the instructions for "Glucobuy" after taking this medication after 1-2 hours, the development of the first peak of acarbose activity is noted. The second peak occurs in the range from 14 to 24 hours. Its bioavailability varies between 1-2%. The metabolic products of the pharmaceutical product are excreted through the intestines - 51% and kidneys - 35%.
Release form and composition
The composition of the Glucobai tablets includes the active substance acarbose in a dosage of 100 and 50 mg, as well as some additional components: colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, corn starch and cellulose.
The medicine is produced in the form of biconvex white tablets with a yellow tint of two types, which differ in the content of auxiliary and active components. On one side of the dragee there is a dosage of acarbose and company markings in the form of a Bayer cross on the back.
Glucobay tablets are packaged in 15 blisters and in cardboard boxes. The shelf life of the medication is 5 years.
Indications for appointment
What are the indications for the appointment of the drug “Glucobay”? The medicine is prescribed for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with diet therapy.
Dosage regimen
As indicated by the instructions for Glucobuy, the medicine is taken orally, whole, not chewed, washed down with a small amount of water, before meals. The optimal dosage of the drug is selected for each patient individually.
As a rule, the initial dose is 1 tablet of 50 mg or half a tablet of 100 mg 3 times a day. The average daily dose of the drug is 300 mg.
If the similar therapeutic regimen is not effective after 4-8 weeks of treatment, it is recommended to increase the dose to 200 mg 3 times a day. The maximum dosage is 600 mg. In elderly patients (over 65 years), a change in dosing regimen or dose is not required. In people with impaired liver function, there is also no need to adjust the dosage regimen.
Side effects
When using the pharmacological preparation “Glucobay”, some negative side reactions may occur. These include:
- From the digestive system: diarrhea, flatulence, pain in the epigastrium, nausea, an increase in the concentration of liver enzymes (several times), which disappears after drug withdrawal, intestinal obstruction, jaundice or hepatitis, as well as damage to liver tissue associated with these diseases. Isolated cases of the development of fulminant hepatitis with a fatal outcome were noted, but the relationship of such cases with the administration of acarbose has not been fully elucidated.
- Allergic manifestations: skin rashes, urticaria, hyperemia, exanthema.
- General disorders in the body: swelling.
Contraindications
The medicine "Glucobay" (analogues will be indicated at the end of the article) is contraindicated for use in the following situations:
- pathologies of the digestive system of the body of a chronic nature, occurring with significant disturbances in the absorption of nutrients and a violation of the digestive processes in general;
- disorders that may be accompanied by the occurrence of flatulence (large hernias of any localization, Remkheld’s syndrome, peptic ulcer, bowel obstruction);
- severe renal failure (with CC <25 ml / min);
- pregnancy period;
- breast-feeding;
- age up to 18 years;
- high sensitivity to acarbose or other substances of the drug.
With caution, a medication is used for fever, diseases of an infectious nature, injuries, surgical interventions. Since during the administration of this medicine an asymptomatic increase in the functionality of hepatic transaminases is possible, monitoring of the concentration of these enzymes in the blood is recommended during the first 6-12 months of treatment (as a rule, when the drug is canceled, these indicators normalize).
Appointment during pregnancy and lactation
The pharmacological agent “Glucobay” should not be prescribed to patients who are in the process of bearing a child, since reliable information on the use of this medication in pregnant women has not been provided.
The medicine "Glucobay" is not recommended to be taken during lactation. If it is necessary to prescribe a medication during this period, breast-feeding should be stopped.
In patients with impaired liver and kidney function, dosing regimen correction is not required, with the exception of cases of severe renal failure (with CC <25 ml / min).
Special recommendations
When prescribing the drug "Glucobay", a prerequisite is strict adherence to dietary rules.
A patient with diabetes must be warned about the impossibility of self-canceling this medication, since this can provoke an increase in the concentration of glucose in the blood. If the patient does not follow the recommended diet, there may be an increase in adverse reactions from the digestive tract. In cases where the diet is strictly adhered to, but the symptoms of the pathological process are amplified, the dosage of the drug is recommended to be reduced (for a long or short term).
The medicine "Glucobai" does not provoke hypoglycemia when prescribed to patients exclusively in combination with a diet. When a medical device joins insulin therapy or with hypoglycemic oral medications, the development of hypoglycemia can be observed as a result of a decrease in the need for antidiabetic treatment (in some cases, until the onset of coma, which may require a change in the prescribed dosage).
It should be borne in mind that “Glucobai” with acarbose helps to slow down the conversion of sucrose into glucose and fructose, therefore, if acute hypoglycemia develops during treatment with a medication, glucose should be prescribed to eliminate its manifestations.
An outpatient card for a patient with diabetes should be marked with the use of a medical device.
The pharmaceutical preparation “Glucobay”, the price of which will be indicated below, does not affect the ability of patients to engage in hazardous professional activities that require increased attention.
Overdose symptoms
In the case of taking this medication in high doses or simultaneously with foods or drinks that contain a high amount of carbohydrates (oligo-, di- and polysaccharides), the development of symptoms of overdose in the form of diarrhea and flatulence. When treated with the drug “Glucobay”, regardless of the food intake in excessive doses, the occurrence of undesirable manifestations from the digestive system is not expected. Overdose therapy involves eliminating foods containing carbohydrates from the diet for several hours.
Drug interaction
Gastrointestinal adsorbents, colestyramine and preparations that contain digestive enzymes in their composition can adversely affect the effectiveness of the drug “Glucobay”, therefore, their combined use is recommended to be avoided. In rare cases, this medication may interfere with the bioavailability of digoxin, which requires a dosage adjustment of this substance.
It is important to understand that treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with diet therapy should take place.
Diet features
In patients with diabetes who either deliberately or unknowingly do not follow a diet while taking the Glucobay medication, as a result of a high amount of carbohydrates, cells lose their sensitivity to insulin. As a result, glucose levels rise. The goal of dietary nutrition is to return cells to such a sensitivity and ability to metabolize glucose. Diet for treatment involves:
- Calorie restriction while maintaining energy value.
- Eating at the same time, which helps to achieve a normal flow of metabolism and the functioning of the digestive system.
- Mandatory 5-6 meals a day during the day, with snacks.
- The energy component of the food must necessarily correspond to the real energy consumption.
- Approximately the same calorie meals. Most carbohydrates should be consumed in the morning.
- Add fresh fiber-rich vegetables to your diet.
- Substitution of sugar with permitted and harmless sweeteners in certain volumes.
- Eating sweets exclusively in basic meals.
- Preference for desserts containing vegetable fat, since the breakdown of fats causes a slowdown in the absorption of glucose.
- Minimum amount of complex carbohydrates.
- Limitation of easily digestible carbohydrates or their complete exclusion.
- Low consumption of animal fats.
- Significant reduction or complete exclusion of salt.
- Refusal to eat after exercise or sports.
- Overeating exception.
- Exclusion or intensive restriction of the use of alcohol.
- Daily fluid intake in a volume of at least 1.5 liters.
- Dietary cooking methods.
- Required breakfast.
- The last meal is two hours before bedtime.
- Reception of warm food (neither cold nor excessively hot).
- During meals, it is first recommended to eat vegetables, and then protein foods.
Glucobay: price
The approximate cost of the drug is 370 rubles. It depends on the region.
Analogs
The list of Glucobaia analogues includes such preparations:
- Alumina
- "Acarbose";
- Siofor.
A doctor should select a replacement.
Reviews about "Glucobaia"
According to information obtained from patient reviews of the drug "Glucobay", this medication is highly effective in diabetes mellitus in an independent form of insulin. It is well tolerated, and side effects from its use are very rare.
According to diabetics' reviews of Glucobaia, if you follow all the recommendations of experts regarding dietary nutrition, you can reduce the likelihood of side effects up to their complete disappearance. With the right dosage and diet, this medicine significantly reduces the symptoms of the underlying pathology, reduces the risk of negative consequences that it provokes. Patients felt satisfactory during treatment, and most of them noticed positive results.
Reviews about "Glucobaia" confirm this.