An intestinal diverticulum (limited protrusion of its wall) can be false (consisting only of the submucous and mucous layers) and true (consisting of all layers).
False protrusion refers to an abnormality in the development of an organ and is formed in areas where there are no muscle fibers in separate places on its walls. True intestinal diverticulum is a consequence of the pathological process, which leads to the development of cords in separate parts of the organ. True protrusion can also form as a result of increased pressure inside the body.
The formation of protrusions may be the result of pancreatitis, peptic ulcer, cholecystitis, inflammation, peritonitis, organ trauma, heart attack.
An intestinal diverticulum in its small part can be observed along its entire length, but is most often detected in the area of the duodenum. Diagnosis is by the x-ray method. The treatment of the disease is similar to therapy for inflammatory intestinal processes. The development of complications (abscess and perforation) necessitates surgical intervention. The operation is prescribed for large and poorly emptying protrusions.
The diverticulum of the intestine in its thick section can extend to the entire region of the department or to a large part of it, while, as a rule, the lesion is observed first in the sigmoid colon and then in the descending one. Localization in the distal areas, as a rule, is characterized by multiple protrusions.
Asymptomatic multiple protrusions cause diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon. Inflammatory processes can lead to the manifestation of pathological symptoms. These include the discharge of blood and mucus, pain of an indefinite nature. Bleeding can be sharp and significant. Particularly severe cases are characterized by narrowing of the intestine, perforation into the bladder or abdominal cavity, and the formation of an abscess. In this case, significant acute pain may occur, accompanied by peritoneal irritation.
Of great diagnostic importance is the method of fibrocolonoscopy. In this case, the diagnosis differentiates with oncology in the colon. The combined lesion with multiple protrusions and Crohn's disease is characterized by changes in the mucosa and anal fissures.
Treatment is not prescribed in cases of asymptomatic disease. With inflammation, a special diet is prescribed. Well-cooked fruits and vegetables should be present in the diet. To eliminate spasms, liquid paraffin or barium sulfate is recommended . With constipation that has arisen against the background of multiple lesions, paraffin oil is also prescribed. In the presence of pain, drugs of belladonna, atropine, sedatives (depending on indications) are recommended. Some cases suggest the use of anti-inflammatory drugs (sulfonamides, antibiotics). In especially severe cases, an operation is prescribed to prevent perforation, the development of obstruction and fistula.
A protrusion of the wall can be observed in the bladder. The defeat occurs due to improper formation of the organ wall. A diverticulum of the bladder may form in the area of the lateral walls or openings of the ureter. Congenital protrusion communicates with the organ cavity through a narrow channel. The wall of the lesion has the same structure as the wall of the bladder. The size of the lesion may exceed the size of the organ.
As practice shows, most cases are asymptomatic. The presence of a lesion is detected by chance with cystography or cystoscopy. In some cases, the disease is diagnosed with infection of the bladder.