Brain diseases can be congenital or acquired. They can be triggered by metabolic disorders, vascular lesions, injuries, tumors or infections.
The brain is a very complex structure. Surprising is the fact that in most cases it has been working continuously and efficiently for more than sixty years. This indicates the presence of plastic and self-healing mechanisms in it. However, sometimes there is a violation of structural architectonics, chemical and electrical processes. Brain diseases, the development of which is associated with damage in its large anatomical structures, are detected using modern diagnostic measures. Ailments can occur due to compression, hemorrhage, inflammation, atrophy, degeneration or displacement. Listed below are some brain diseases.
Encephalitis is an inflammatory process. Distinguish between secondary and primary encephalitis. The primary type of this brain disease includes several of its types: epidemic, mosquito, enterovirus, tick-borne, herpes and others. Secondary encephalitis accompanies other ailments: measles, flu, toxoplasmosis and others. Given the etiology and pathogenesis, the following classification is accepted: toxic, allergic, infectious, infectious-allergic encephalitis. Polyencephalitis provokes a lesion of gray matter, leukoencephalitis - a white matter. When gray and white matter is affected, the disease is classified as panencephalitis. In addition, encephalitis can be limited or diffuse, and in accordance with the course of the disease, chronic, acute and subacute are determined.
Parkinson's disease (parkinsonism) is another brain disease that is characterized by a chronic progressive course. The disease has a distinctive feature, manifested in involuntary trembling of the limbs.
Meningitis refers to inflammation; this affects the spinal membranes and membranes of the brain. Damage to the hard membrane is classified as pachymeningitis, with damage to the arachnoid and soft membranes, leptomeningitis occurs. As practice shows, most often diagnosed with inflammation of the brain in the soft membranes, which is called meningitis. Bacterial meningitis is more severe in symptoms and course than the viral type. The occurrence of this brain disease is provoked by pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, protozoa). The defeat is characteristic of children and adolescents, as well as people of advanced age.
Hydrocephalus is a condition of accumulation of excess fluid in the brain. This is usually caused by a blockage (obstruction) that interferes with the normal course of the fluid drainage process. The excess volume of fluid that accumulates in the brain presses its fragile tissues to the skull, as a result of which the patient develops brain damage.
The term encephalopathy is used to indicate ailments of a non-inflammatory nature. The classification of emerging diseases in the brain, which are determined by this designation, is quite wide. In accordance with the causes of occurrence, several types of encephalopathy are determined. Mainly, perinatal and acquired encephalopathy are distinguished. This is due to the difference in the causes of damage in the adult patient and the fetus during gestation. The occurrence of perinatal encephalopathy causes certain deviations in the process of childbirth or during the last months of fetal development. The acquired form of the disease is detected at an older age. The cause of its occurrence may be intoxication, previous infection, trauma, tumor, a change in the structure and functioning of the vessels of the brain.