In the process of human evolution, his foot acquired a rather unique design. In normal condition, this part of the skeleton has two arches: transverse (between the finger bases) and longitudinal (on the inner surface). Both of them play a very important role: they help maintain balance and protect the body from shaking while walking. In other words, the vaults act as shock absorbers.
If they are smoothed out and acquire a flat shape, then shaking during walking is eliminated due to the shock-absorbing properties of the spine and joints of the legs. Due to the fact that these elements of the skeleton are not designed to perform such tasks, they fail quickly enough. Thus, along with flat feet, a person acquires scoliosis and arthrosis. It should be noted that the incorrect structure of the arches is characteristic of a fairly large number of people.
It must be said that flat feet can be acquired and congenital in nature.
In the second case, the cause of the pathology is congenital connective tissue failure. In this case, up to five to six years of age, it is difficult to determine the pathology.
Traumatic (acquired) flat feet can develop due to injuries. As a rule, these are fractures of the calcaneus , ankles, and tarsal bones.
Rickety flat feet can develop as a result of a high load on weakened segments of the foot.
A pathology of a statistical nature develops (in 81% of cases) due to muscle weakness. Of particular importance is such weakness in the foot, lower leg and ligaments.
The most common reason for the occurrence of pathology include excessive load on the vaults. This usually happens as a result of wearing the wrong shoes.
The choice of certain methods of therapy will depend on the degree of flat feet. At the same time, it is impossible to get rid of this disease with conservative methods at an older age. The pathology can be completely eliminated only in childhood. This requires timely prevention of flat feet.
Correct arch formation is possible with continuous training of ligaments and muscles. Prevention of flat feet involves various exercises aimed at strengthening the ligamentous and muscular apparatus. Walking on stones, sand, hard grass is used as a workout. As you know, without load, the muscles weaken. Regular training allows you to keep them in good shape.
Prevention of flat feet involves the selection of optimal, comfortable shoes. Often the cause of flat feet in women is wearing high heels. This is due to the fact that the support in such shoes is not carried out on the entire foot, but only on the heads of the metatarsal bones. This, in turn, leads to deformation of the segments.
Prevention of flat feet at home includes simple measures. Experts advise regularly doing massage, gymnastics feet. Trays will help relieve stress.
Of great importance is the prevention of flat feet in children. The choice of comfortable shoes in this case is of utmost importance. You need to know that a child should not carry shoes for someone. In a spaced block there is an incorrect distribution of the load on the foot. Shoes for the child should have a small heel, a hard back and soft arch support. As a preventive measure, the doctor may recommend special insoles from flat feet. Feet gymnastics. Trays will help relieve stress.