Renal colic is a syndrome that can occur with a number of kidney diseases. The most common causes of this pathology can be called nephroptosis, kidney stone disease, hydronephrosis. It follows that renal colic is caused by those diseases that contribute to the violation of urodynamics in the upper urinary tract. But this is far from all. Renal colic can occur as a result of obstruction of the ureter with a blood clot or kaleous masses as a result of kidney tuberculosis , tumors, polycystic disease, and other similar diseases.
If we talk about the leading role in the development of the symptomatic complex, then it belongs to such manifestations as urinary tract spasm followed by ischemia, stretching of the fibrous capsule of the kidney and renal and renal reflux.
Renal colic, the causes of which are more than obvious, develops unexpectedly. In the lumbar region, severe, cramping pains are observed. In some cases, they are preceded by increasing discomfort that occurs in the kidney area.
An attack can occur both at rest, and when walking, running, riding a motorcycle or bicycle, as well as lifting weights.
The barely appearing pain begins to increase rapidly. At the same time, the patient rushes about, groans loudly, tries to calm the pain, holding his hands on the patient’s side. At the beginning of the attack, the pain is localized in the lumbar region, then it moves along the ureter downward, radiating to the genitals and inguinal region.
Quite often, in the presence of stones in the ureter, renal colic can be accompanied by severe pain in the abdomen and intestinal paresis. In this case, the differential diagnosis is shown in parallel with such pathologies as appendicitis, cholecystitis, intestinal obstruction and pancreatitis.
Renal colic is diagnosed, usually based on the irradiation of pain and its localization, as well as data obtained by intravenous urography and chromocytoscopy. The most valuable diagnostic method, both primary and differential, is intravenous urography. This study allows you to detect changes in the urinary tract and the presence of stone with nephrolithiasis, the expansion of the calyx and pelvis - with hydronephrosis, bending of the ureter and pathological displacement of the kidney - with nephroptosis. Thanks to intravenous urography, even the rarest causes that lead to renal colic can be detected.
In the event that the patient has renal colic, what should be done in such situations? In no case should panic. It is necessary to call an ambulance and take urgent measures before the doctors arrive. In such a situation, the patient should be given heat to the lumbar region - this may be the most common heating pad or a bath with a water temperature of thirty-seven - thirty-nine degrees Celsius. It is also necessary to take an antispasmodic or analgesic. The attack can be stopped by intramuscular injection of five milliliters of baralgin solution.
Drug treatment is carried out with such drugs as a solution of atropine, promedol or pantopon. In the event that renal colic is lingering, prescribe novocaine blockade of the spermatic cord from the affected side.
The attack, accompanied by a significant increase in body temperature, is an indication for urgent hospitalization in the urology department, where such a procedure as catheterization of the ureter will be performed.
Regarding the prognosis of this disease, the following can be said: with proper diagnosis, timely assistance and appropriate treatment, the outcome is more than favorable.