Angina pectoris is one of the common pathologies. It is accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the myocardium. Discomfort is constricting and occurs due to a lack of oxygen. The diet for angina pectoris complements the main therapy. Read about the right diet for patients in the article.
How does nutrition affect heart muscle health?
Pathologies of the myocardium and vascular system are common today.
Among the factors contributing to their development, addictions, lack of proper rest, emotional overstrain, and the wrong diet can be called. People who have found a violation of the heart muscle need to change their lifestyle. Diet with angina pectoris is extremely important in the early stages of the development of the disease. Compliance with this helps prevent severe complications. In addition, it is known that this disease often develops against the background of diabetes, excess cholesterol, excess weight. Therefore, if you limit the use of sweets, fatty foods and pickles, you can get rid of unpleasant symptoms.
The Importance of a Healthy Diet
Junk food leads to the formation of plaques on the inner surface of blood vessels. This is what avoids the correct diet for angina pectoris.
The diet, first of all, involves the limitation of cholesterol. Reducing the level of this substance is very important, because in this way you can achieve a decrease in body weight. Overweight is undesirable for patients.
The diet for angina pectoris (table No. 10) includes mainly plant-based foods containing a small amount of lipids.
Such a diet helps to reduce the concentration of glucose in the blood, regulates metabolic processes. The substances that make up the foods cleanse the inner surface of blood vessels from cholesterol. Products useful for patients strengthen the immune system and protect against the effects of negative environmental factors. In addition, they improve the blood circulation process.
The main principles of nutrition
The diet number for angina pectoris is 10. This diet is also recommended for individuals who have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease. To improve well-being, you should adhere to this diet for a long time. The main principles of the diet include:
- A sufficient amount of protein-containing foods. These substances maintain the normal state of cells and tissues, strengthen the walls of blood vessels. Proteins are part of animal foods.
- The presence of foods containing trace elements and vitamins. They contribute to the normalization of metabolism.
- Limited intake of animal lipids. With angina pectoris, diet No. 10 involves the replacement of such fats with sunflower or olive oil.
- The presence of a large number of salts of calcium, potassium, magnesium.
- Limit simple carbohydrates.
- If the patient has excess kilograms, more fruits, berries and vegetables should be added to his diet.
- Steaks should be cooked.
- Limit your intake of salt, granulated sugar and liquid.
- First courses should be vegetarian.
What aspects should be considered when prescribing a diet?
The diet for angina pectoris is compiled by a specialist who monitors and treats the patient. Most often, a person with this diagnosis should adhere to such a diet not only during exacerbations, but also in more favorable periods. The doctor prescribing the diet should consider the following aspects:
- Energy needs of a particular patient.
- The stage and features of the pathology, the accompanying disorders with which it is accompanied.
- Taste preferences of a person.
The doctor must explain to the patient that the diet for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris involves the exclusion of all varieties of alcohol-containing drinks (beer, wine, vodka, cognac and so on). You should also abandon spices, marinades, smoked meats, desserts, spicy sauces. After all, such products negatively affect not only the myocardium, but also the activity of the vascular system, urinary organs.
Other principles
The energy value of the diet should not exceed 2700 kilocalories. This rule is relevant for all patients, regardless of the stage of development of the pathology and the nature of its course.
In addition, a dieter needs to be aware of other features of such a nutrition system:
- Clear mode. You need to eat often, but in small volumes.
- Variety of diet (the presence of both plant and animal food).
- Balance (the presence of all substances necessary for health).
- Refusal of products fried in oil, deep-fried.
What can be included in the diet?
According to the principles of the diet for angina pectoris (table No. 10), the following products should be present on the patient’s menu:
- Bread and pastries of the second grade, from rye flour, with the addition of bran.
- Vegetable fats (sunflower oil, olive). It is better to season them with ready-made dishes, but do not use for frying.
- The first dishes made from vegetables (cabbage soup, borsch, beetroot soup). Soups with rice or other cereals should be limited.
- Lean varieties of meat and poultry (beef pulp, skinless chicken breast, turkey) in boiled or baked form.
- Skinny fish.
- Sea delicacies, kelp salads.
- Vegetables (eggplant, pumpkin, carrot, beets, bell pepper, zucchini, cabbage, potatoes). It is advisable to use them boiled or stewed.
- Low-fat dairy products (yogurt, sour cream, cottage cheese).
- Dishes made from cereals cooked in water (rice and semolina should be limited).
- Eggs (no more than three per week), steam omelettes from proteins.
- Fruits and berries, jelly and fruit drinks with a small amount of sugar sand or its substitute.
- Poorly brewed tea with milk, chicory, fruit juices (freshly squeezed), rosehip drink.
- Nuts of all sorts.
- Dried fruits.
- Greens (salad, spinach, dill, fennel, parsley).
What foods are critical to maintaining heart muscle health?
One aspect of the diet for angina pectoris is to consume enough food, which includes potassium. It is found in dried grapes, dried apricots, prunes, honey and kernel kernels. A handful of such products makes up for the deficiency of this substance. In addition, patients should include foods rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids in their diet. They are found in various species of marine fish.
What is forbidden to eat?
In order to prevent deterioration, it is necessary to abandon the following products:
- Meat containing a large amount of fat (pork pulp, goose meat).
- Smoked sausages and cheeses.
- Cream, lard and butter.
- Baking, cakes, pastries, sweets and chocolate.
- Soda.
- Strongly brewed tea and black coffee, energy.
- Juices from packages.
7-day ration sample
A sample menu for a patient for a week is as follows.
On Monday morning, you can eat porridge from oatmeal with berries, drink a glass of juice from cherries. Lunch consists of steam chicken meatballs with millet, rye bread and a green apple. An evening meal includes boiled beef, salad and low-fat kefir.
On Tuesday, oatmeal pancakes, honey, and lightly brewed tea are offered for breakfast. During the day you can eat potatoes baked with zucchini, carrots and tomatoes, chicken. An evening meal consists of steamed fish fillet. Seafood cabbage salad with olive oil and lemon juice is suitable for garnish.
On Wednesday, breakfast includes cottage cheese with fruit and tea. During the day you can eat boiled buckwheat with chicken, drink stewed fruit from dried fruits. As an evening meal, steamed turkey cutlets, a salad of chopped herbs, low-fat kefir are offered.
On Thursday, breakfast includes yogurt and rye cookies. In the afternoon, you can eat brown bread and the first vegetarian dish. In the evening, stewed vegetables with baked chicken breast are offered.
On Friday morning meal includes buckwheat pancakes, several cloves of melon. During the day, you can eat beetroot soup without the addition of meat, black bread, green onions and a decoction of dried fruit. In the evening, baked potatoes with vegetables and fish pulp are offered.
On Saturday, breakfast includes cottage cheese with fresh berries, lightly brewed tea. During the day you can eat pasta from rye flour, stewed rabbit meat, salad and compote. An evening meal consists of boiled chicken, fresh vegetables.
On Sunday, breakfast includes tea with the addition of honey, cereal cookies. In the afternoon, baked fish fillet, green salad, a cereal dish, apple juice are offered. In the evening you can eat chicken stew and fresh vegetables, drink low-fat kefir.
Between meals, snacks should be taken from whole grain baked goods, fruits or berries, dried fruits, and kernels of nuts.
A diet for angina pectoris allows the replacement of some products with others, taking into account the preferences of the patient. However, you should not violate the principles of the diet.
A person who adheres to such a nutrition system will be able to achieve even better results if he takes the vitamin complexes prescribed by a specialist.
Features of the preparation of dishes
Even the most healthy dish can harm the body if done incorrectly. Due to the excessive accumulation of cholesterol in the vessels, patients should refuse fried foods. Cooking on the grill, pan, oil or fat is strictly prohibited. It is recommended to eat boiled eggs and make steamed omelettes from them. Baked in the oven, stewed or cooked on the water dishes will bring health only benefits.
Mediterranean diet
Such a diet for angina pectoris and cardiac ischemia is prescribed to many patients, especially after a heart attack. This nutrition system contains all the substances necessary for the body in sufficient quantities. It normalizes cholesterol concentration, stabilizes metabolism. The Mediterranean diet for ischemia and angina pectoris requires compliance with several rules:
- Increase the volume of foods containing high amounts of protein. These are fish fillet, chicken breast, beef and turkey meat.
- Include fiber (vegetables, fruits and berries, unpolished grains, greens, legumes, a mixture of cereals, rice groats) in the diet.
- Add olive, sunflower, soy and corn oil to the dishes.
- Limit foods that are high in cholesterol (egg yolks, liver, cream).