Inosine, riboflavin, nicotinamide and succinic acid are components that are present in such a medication as “Cytoflavin”. This medicine belongs to the group of metabolic agents. The code in the anatomical and therapeutic chemical classification is N07XX (other drugs used in the treatment of diseases of the nervous system). In what dosage forms is Cytoflavin available and why is it needed? This issue has to be sorted out.
Release forms and composition
One of the dosage forms of Cytoflavin is tablets. They have a round shape and a red shell. The main components in them are inosine, riboflavin, nicotinamide, succinic acid. There are also several excipients in the medication (for example, povidone). The tablet shell contains colorants, propylene glycol, ethyl acrylate and a methacrylic acid copolymer.
Another dosage form of the drug is a solution for injection into a vein through a dropper. The composition includes 4 main substances, mentioned above, water for injection, sodium hydroxide and meglumine.
Pharmacodynamics
"Cytoflavin" has a diverse effect on humans, due to the influence of those substances that are present in the composition:
- Inosine. This is a purine derivative, a nucleoside. It acts as a stimulant of biochemical processes in the body. Studies have shown that inosine is able to exert antihypoxic, antiarrhythmic, anabolic effects.
- Riboflavin. It is a water-soluble vitamin B 2 , an important biologically active substance that plays a role in maintaining human health. Derivatives of riboflavin are part of various redox enzymes.
- Nicotinamide. So called Vitamin PP. He is involved in the construction of nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD). In the process, nicotinamide-dependent enzymes of the Krebs cycle are activated, which are necessary to stimulate the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and for cellular respiration.
- Succinic acid. This component improves cellular respiration, positively affects the functioning of the brain, and restores the nervous system.
Inosine, riboflavin, nicotinamide and succinic acid do not affect the control of machines, do not make working with moving mechanisms dangerous.
Pharmacokinetics of tablets
“Cytoflavin” has a high bioavailability. After administration, the tablets dissolve in the stomach. The components of the drug from the gastrointestinal tract penetrate into the circulatory system, spread through the tissues and organs of the human body.
Each substance from the composition of the drug has some features:
- The maximum level of inosine is achieved in the circulatory system after 5 hours. On average, the substance is retained in the blood for 5.5 hours. The metabolism of the component occurs in the liver. In a small amount, inosine is excreted through the urinary system.
- Riboflavin is not characterized by a uniform distribution throughout the body. The substance is mainly concentrated in the kidneys, liver, muscle middle layer of the heart. The withdrawal of riboflavin from the body is carried out by the urinary system.
- Nicotinamide quickly spreads throughout the body. The period for which the maximum concentration is reached is 2 hours. On average, the substance is retained in the blood for 4.5 hours. Nicotinamide metabolism occurs in the liver, and the conclusion is carried out by the kidneys.
- Succinic acid after entering the circulatory system, tissue begins to take part in energy metabolism reactions. After half an hour, it decays to the final metabolic products.
Pharmacodynamic features of the solution
With intravenous infusion during the first minute, the maximum level of succinic acid is reached. Further, the concentration of this substance begins to decline rapidly. Succinic acid decomposes to carbon dioxide and water. Inosine is also quickly utilized.
In what cases is prescribed "Cytoflavin"
The drug with inosine, riboflavin, nicotinamide and succinic acid in the form of tablets is prescribed by doctors only to adults. "Cytoflavin" is used in complex treatment for the following conditions, diseases:
- After a cerebral infarction. This condition is provoked by a violation of cerebral circulation, brain functions. "Cytoflavin" is prescribed in combination with other medicines to people who are faced with the consequences of a heart attack. The goals of treatment are improving the quality of life, reducing the severity of focal neurological symptoms.
- In the presence of various diseases of the brain caused by pathological changes in cerebral vessels and circulatory disorders. Common causes of such ailments are arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis.
- With neurasthenia. This term refers to a mental disorder. Its symptoms are increased irritability, rapid fatigue with prolonged physical or mental work.
The solution is also used in complex treatment. Indications for the administration of this dosage form of Cytoflavin are cerebral infarction, hypoxic and toxic encephalopathy in case of chronic and acute poisoning, endotoxemia, consequences arising from the progression of cerebrovascular diseases.
Taking pills
The drug with inosine, riboflavin, nicotinamide and succinic acid under the trade name "Cytoflavin" is taken twice a day (2 tablets) half an hour before eating. Drink the medicine with a sufficient amount of water. The tablets are not chewed.
Experts recommend taking the medicine in the morning and afternoon (no later than 6 pm) with an interval of 8 to 10 hours. The duration of the therapeutic course is 25 days. Retreatment is allowed to start no earlier than a month later, and only if a doctor prescribes it.
There are several specific instructions for taking the pills. In people with diabetes, treatment with "Cytoflavin" is carried out under the control of blood sugar levels. For patients with hypertension, doctors sometimes adjust the dosage of antihypertensive drugs.
Solution use
The complex of inosine, riboflavin, nicotinamide and succinic acid in liquid dosage form is injected into a vein using a dropper. The drug is diluted with either a 0.9% sodium chloride solution, or a 5-10% dextrose solution. For cerebral infarction, the introduction of 10 ml of the drug (single dose) or 20 ml (in severe cases) is recommended. Re-apply the medication after 8-12 hours. The duration of the therapeutic course is 10 days.
With hypoxic and toxic encephalopathy, the medicine is administered in 10 ml twice a day (the time interval between applications is from 8 to 12 hours). The course of treatment is 5 days.
When diagnosing the consequences of cerebrovascular diseases, the patient is prescribed the introduction of a medication in a volume of 10 ml 1 time per day. Such treatment lasts 10 days.
For infants with a progressive violation of the flow of arterial blood to the brain, the daily dose of Cytoflavin is determined at the rate of 2 ml of the drug per 1 kg of weight. The drug is injected into a vein through a dropper, after diluting it in a 10 or 5% dextrose solution (the recommended proportion is at least 1: 5). Therapy begins within the first 12 hours after birth. The average course of treatment is 5 days.
Side symptoms
When taking tablets with inosine, riboflavin, nicotinamide and succinic acid under the trade name "Cytoflavin", patients sometimes complain of headache, discomfort in the epigastric region, the occurrence of itching and hyperemia of the skin. Hyperuricemia may also occur, concomitant gout may worsen.
Significantly more side symptoms can occur when using the solution, but they are recorded quite rarely. Here is some of them:
- dryness, bitter, metallic taste in the mouth;
- rash, itching, swelling of the face;
- tachycardia, discomfort, or short chest pain;
- psychomotor agitation;
- anaphylaxis, angioedema.
Contraindications
The medication (both in the form of tablets, and in the form of a solution) is not used if there is hypersensitivity to the constituent components, during pregnancy and lactation. The drug has no more contraindications. In some diseases, it is required to use "Cytoflavin" with caution. These conditions include:
- digestive system diseases (aggravated gastritis, duodenal ulcer, etc.);
- low blood pressure;
- kidney stone disease;
- concomitant gout;
- elevated uric acid levels in the blood.
It is also worth noting that the tablet form of the release of inosine, riboflavin, nicotinamide and succinic acid is not prescribed for children under 18 years of age, but the solution can be administered to babies during the neonatal period. Indication for use of this dosage form is cerebral ischemia.
Interaction with other medicines
The compatibility of "Cytoflavin" is determined by the active substances that make up its composition. Inosine, nicotinamide and succinic acid, interacting with other components of any drugs, do not lose their pharmacological effects, do not negatively affect the body.
Riboflavin is characterized by several nuances:
- The substance is capable of decreasing the effectiveness of certain antibiotics. Riboflavin is generally incompatible with streptomycin.
- When taking thyroid hormones, the metabolism of riboflavin becomes faster.
- Tubular secretion blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, and ethanol reduce riboflavin absorption.
How "Cytoflavin" is sold and stored
The medicine is dispensed from pharmacies only with a prescription. "Cytoflavin" in any dosage form must be stored in a place protected from sunlight at a temperature regime not exceeding 25 ° C. For tablets, the shelf life is 3 years, and for solution - 2 years.
Approximate prices of "Cytoflavin":
- package with 50 tablets - 400 rubles;
- a package containing 100 tablets - 800 rubles;
- a pack with 5 ampoules of 10 ml - 600 rubles.
Analogues of "Cytoflavin"
The complex of 4 active substances contains not only Cytoflavin. Cerebronorm has the same components. The registered dosage forms of this drug are capsules and tablets. This is not to say which is better: “Cytoflavin” or “Cerebronorm”. These medicines contain the same active substances. In the instructions for use of the analog of "Cytoflavin" the same pharmacological effects, indications and contraindications are indicated.
"Cytoflavin" is part of a group of drugs that improve brain metabolism. It also has a medicine like Glycine. He is one of the analogues of "Cytoflavin". Indications for use “Glycine” - ischemic stroke, decreased mental performance, psycho-emotional stress, various diseases of the nervous system (for example, neurosis, forms of encephalopathy, vegetovascular dystonia).
“Glycine” contains microencapsulated glycine, magnesium stearate, water-soluble methyl cellulose. Analogues with inosine, riboflavin, nicotinamide and succinic acid, except for Cerebronom, do not exist.
"Cytoflavin" and any drug similar to it should be used only as directed by a doctor. It is important to remember that self-medication is always risky enough. People with wrong actions very often cause harm to their health.