The norm of the upper pressure indicator in people is considered to be 120 mm RT. Art., lower - 80 mm Hg. Art. Deviation from this value is not always a violation of the functionality of organs and systems. The specificity of the body, age, height, body weight, lifestyle strongly affect these indicators. Of particular importance is the age of the person.
Low pressure in a teenager is a serious problem that is often not given due attention. In the absence of appropriate treatment, small deviations may in the future develop into a chronic form of arterial hypotension.
What is blood pressure?
Blood pressure is the difference in fluid pressure in the cardiovascular system above atmospheric. The indicator is one of the significant. It determines the state of organs and systems, as well as the body as a whole.
Due to the fact that the blood moves under the influence of the pressure vector in the vessels formed by the heart, the maximum pressure will be in the left ventricle of the heart. A little less - in the arteries, low - in the capillaries.
The value of indicators
The human heart is a pulsating pump, the main function of which is alternating periods of contraction and relaxation.
Systolic (upper value) - pressure in vessels carrying blood from the heart to organs during the period when the fibro-muscular organ (heart) contracts and pushes blood. During the contraction phase (systole), blood is ejected from the left and right ventricle and pumped into the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation, respectively.
Diastolic (lower value) - Pressure displays the resistance of peripheral blood vessels. During the relaxation phase (diastole), the ventricles are filled with blood in preparation for the next phase of contraction.
Blood Pressure For Teens
Before you understand why a teenager has low blood pressure, you need to figure out what indicators for this age group are the norm.
Various factors, such as gender, age, have a big impact on blood pressure. In children, the range of indicators is lower than in adults. Optimal for all age groups over seventeen, is a pressure of 120/80 mm RT. Art. In order not to get confused with the formulas, averaged data was introduced for adolescents.
For children 10-12 years old, systolic blood pressure in the range of 110-126 mm Hg is considered normal. Art., diastolic - 70-82 mm RT. Art. At the age of 13-15 years, the norm of upper pressure is 110-136, lower - 70-86. In adolescents 15-17 years old, systolic and diastolic blood pressure indicators of 115-140 - 75-95 mm Hg. Art. respectively.
Such standards depend on certain indicators:
- elasticity, from the lumen of blood vessels, the development of the capillary web;
- low pressure in a teenager of 14-15 years is observed during puberty, when the formation of the vascular system lags behind the needs of the body;
- stresses associated with the active formation of the psyche (worldview).
Symptoms of reduced pressure
The health care system is designed so that the child is required to undergo a medical examination once a year. All the rest of the time, the guardians themselves must control the health of the children. It is possible to recognize low pressure in a teenager by certain signs. They will be fundamental for contacting a specialist:
- Frequent and quick overwork.
- Tired look.
- Stray attention.
- Dizziness.
- Blurred vision.
- Strong or irregular heartbeat.
- Increased thirst.
- Pale skin.
- Dyspnea.
- Decrease in body temperature.
Insufficient enrichment of the brain with oxygen due to low blood pressure leads to a feeling of uncertainty about orientation in space, exhaustion, a teenager cannot concentrate. When you change the position of the body, balance is lost, accompanied by dizziness attacks up to a swoon. In medicine, this condition is called orthostatic hypotension.
What is orthostatic pressure reduction
A human condition characterized by a lack of blood flow to the main organ of the central nervous system is called orthostatic hypotension. Often this occurs during puberty.
Symptoms that often accompany orthostatic collapse are chest pain, problems with urination, dry skin. The reasons are a lack of blood flow to the brain or a delay in the response of the heart to posture modification.
Factors affecting pressure reduction in adolescents
Hypotension in children is a dangerous condition. The causes of low blood pressure in adolescents can be different. They can be reversible, such as dehydration, and can be dangerous, such as anemia.
The main reasons include:
- Poorly balanced diet (lack of vitamins, protein foods, iron products).
- Failure to follow the daily routine, lack of sleep.
- Stressful situations.
- Dehydration - a teenager consumes fluids much less than necessary.
- Medicines that affect the tone of blood vessels.
- Adrenal insufficiency, in which there is a shortage of mineralocorticoids.
- Anemia is an abnormally low concentration of red blood cells.
- Bacterial infection.
In a teenager at the age of 15, low blood pressure may be due to hormonal changes. The male hormone testosterone has a strong effect on the human body and brain. As soon as a young man reaches puberty, the body begins to produce the level of this substance. The increased work of the pituitary gland and the release of the hormone into the blood are a strong burden on the body. Under the influence of androgen, the characteristic features of adult men are formed. Teenage boys are hard and long to get used to such changes.
All of these causes relate to functional impairment. There are also organic factors that make a teenager have low blood pressure. They are associated with serious health problems, and they try to identify them as early as possible:
- Disruption of the pituitary gland and thyroid gland (diabetes mellitus)
- Pathology of the circulatory system: thrombophlebitis, varicose veins, heart disease.
- Gastrointestinal diseases.
Such violations pose a dangerous threat to young people, their diagnosis and treatment should be carried out under the strict supervision of doctors.
Hypotension Prevention
Having found out the reasons why a teenager has low blood pressure, what to do is easier to understand. If various diseases have become factors in the occurrence of the pathology, then drug therapy is prescribed. In all other cases, the pressure is normalized with the help of a healthy diet, reducing stress, physiotherapeutic procedures.
If the child has psychological problems, it is necessary to talk with him, try to get him to him. At the age of 15-17 years, children graduate from school, take the first serious independent step. For many high school students, the psyche is not ready for such a change. Low pressure in a 16-year-old adolescent may be related to the stress experienced by these events.
Treatment Methods: Proper Nutrition
Young people love fast food, frozen instant foods. Boys and girls do not know how and do not like to cook. They often order pizza, go to McDonald's or other places where fast food is supposed. Such nutrition is necessary, if not excluded, then minimized. The diet of a teenager should include:
- Carbohydrates are needed to give energy. These organic substances are involved in metabolism, in the structure of DNA and RNA. Porridge with honey - a delicious and nutritious breakfast. Carbohydrates are rich in bread, pasta, whole and crushed grains in the form of cereals.
- Protein will help restore muscle. Hemoglobin is one of the complex proteins. He is responsible for transporting oxygen to body tissues. Its deficiency leads to hypotension. The main sources of protein are beef, fatty fish, legumes, and nuts.
- Fruits are one of the few products that successfully combine taste and invaluable benefits. Fruits contain a large number of vitamins, have antimicrobial properties, removes toxins, lower cholesterol. High blood cholesterol is especially dangerous in adolescence.
Often girls eat very little. Afraid of gaining extra pounds, the young ladies refuse to consume food. Anorexia appears, which accompanies most diseases. In adolescents 16 years old, low blood pressure may be due to anorexia.
Schedule
The life of a high school student should not be reduced only to study. Otherwise, she will become a burden to him. Constant excessive stress can cause serious harm to the psyche. It is advisable to adhere to the regimen: lies down and stands up at the same time. If necessary, add daytime sleep, but not at the expense of nighttime.
After class, you need to teach a teenager to eat. It is advisable to eat in the company of the parent, at which time you can ask the child about the news at school. Sharing his feelings and emotions, the young man unloads the psyche, minimizing stress and depression.
Short walks in the park improve your mood. And clean air will help normalize low pressure in a teenager. Active rest improves the functioning of body systems and organs. Physical activity should be moderate and not be a burden to the child.
Treatment of hypotension with physiotherapy
Combined therapy aimed at normalizing pressure includes physiotherapeutic procedures. They have a healing effect of natural, artificially developed and natural factors on the body. The procedures are specialized in the prevention and recovery of various disorders of the central nervous system, musculoskeletal system, internal organs and systems. The following methods are used to treat hypotension:
- Various types of massage for hands, collar, calf muscles.
- Iontophoresis (a procedure in which the body is exposed to electrical impulses) with magnesium sulfate, phenylephrine.
- Jet shower: fan, circular.
- Baths with infusion of peppermint, juniper.
Physiotherapy effectively and quickly restores pressure.
Teenage hypotension is not a sentence
Low pressure in a teenager from 15 to 17 years is a common problem. A child with symptoms of hypotension should initially undergo a medical examination. Timely diagnosis of the disease will help to avoid its transition to a chronic form. For functional reasons, treatment should be carried out comprehensively, so that in the future there are no relapses.